The Teensy will run with any standard +5V USB power supply. It only draws about 25 mA plus whatever external loads (LEDs, etc) it is driving. The mA rating on your USB charger is just the maximum output current supported. In operation, the power supply sets a fixed voltage and the actual current draw is determined by the load (in this case, the Teensy) anywhere from 0.0 up to the maximum supported current. If you disconnect the load completely, then the supply delivers +5V at 0 mA.