What you need to do is look at:
https://www.pjrc.com/teensy/schematic.html
And match up the components with the pins. I don't have a Teensy 2 ++ so can't check but my guess would be that the only two components in series are the LED and the series resistor. Is that what's missing?
If so there there isn't any great need to replace them if you don't actually need the LED, and even then it would be quite possible to just add an ordinary one to D6 and avoid risking any further damage. Certainly they are nor critical to operation like the USB jack or the crystal down the other end of the board.