Since the original Theramin heterodyned the oscillator controlled by the hand I believe you could set it to go either way too by choosing high or low local oscillator frequency. Or even to reduce in frequency on approach down to zero and start...
Windows does lots of very strange things. Doesn't surprise me - I've recently had a problem on a work machine where keyboard input was suppressed if you typed the same key again, requiring a reboot - how on earth its possible to write drivers...
In OS's the convention is to have a listen thread for UDP that passes packets to a handler. In TCP its connections rather than packets that are passed to a handler.
Beware the traps of UDP, no guarantee of delivery, no guarantee of delivery in...
Its usual to post code with the code tags tool (see the </> icon) like this:
#include <Arduino.h>
#include <Audio.h>
#include <Wire.h>
#include <SPI.h>
#include <SD.h>
// ---- AUDIO OBJECTS (2 voices per note) ----
// Note 1: C3...
Are you confusing (digital) pulse rates with the Nyquist rate of a regularly sampled analog signal? For digital signals we usually talk of maximum frequency or minimum pulse width/time as Fourier Transforms aren't involved.