Thanks so much, that worked like a charm! I thought that was what the SPI.usingInterrupt(digitalPinToInterrupt(12)); was meant to handle, but in hindsight I guess that command's meant only for when you're triggering interrupts on non-SPI pins to...
I think adding an interrupt to the pin changes it to being controlled by the GPIO module, not the SPI. Simply connect the signal to two pins, one for SPI and one for interrupts and you should be good.
I’m trying to interface with a TPC6240 analog-to-digital converter (link), which has a combined DOUT/RDY pin for SPI communication with my Teensy 4.1 microcontroller. I can poll the DOUT/RDY pin and get good data back (i.e., send a command...