DFU... industry standard.
"Device Firmware Update"
iPhones, WiFi routers, etc.
The newer embedded gizmos have DFU... like the Particle.io Photon board. To re-flash it, you put the device in DFU mode with some button pushing or cooperating firmware, then run software on the PC (built into the IDE) that runs DFU over USB. High speed firmware update.
Most ARMs also have SWD (single wire debug) for flashing, controlling the ARM core for stop, breakpoint, trace, etc. The SWD is just 3 wires: clock, data, ground. I used it all day every day in my work. So much better than ye ole JTAG. Many low cost boards have an SWD on-board - it's just a standard USB capable microprocessor for SWD on one side and USB on the other. SWD is very fast. The ST demo/eval boards mostly have a low end USB capable MCU just for SWD - usually the same ARM processor family but low end.
And most all ST and most Freescale have a traditional bootloader in ROM (not flash). ST's can self-discover and use UART, SPI, I2C, CAN and so on. And these are often DFU protocols. I suspect Freescale has something competitive.
Developers tend to use SWD for breakpoint debugging and testing. I for one would not want to do without it. It makes a huge positive difference.
DFU is a way for consumer or end user devices to get a major firmware update that cannot be done via a download.
If your work with the STM32 is old school, i.e., not using ST's CubeMX and Hardware Abstraction Library, and their good API documentation, it'll be like bare metal microprocessor programming was 10-20 years ago. It's probably not for the casual user though, as it does require an investment in time to learn how to use these tools. That done, it is so much faster - and most of your time is on the application work, not the tools and struggles with DIY libraries for drivers and commonplace high level functions like SD flash, FSMC flash (I'm doing that now), PWM, pulse capture, A/D and D to A, FATFS, LCDs, DMA for any I/O.
Freescale has something similar to ST but I found it to be far less comprehensive, much less user friendly, etc. But to each, their own.