A little update:
- Checked all the voltages, 3v3 and 5v seems to be ok
- No shorts to ground on the bootloader's PTB05
- Program button works ok and it has 3v3
- Tried several times the hard reset (holding the program button 15 seconds and releasing). The LED gets steady on for a while and then gets back to the blinking, the port doesn't appears on the IDE.
- Tried a different board with the cable and works fine.
- Tried a different module on the same carrier board and works fine.