No. Teensy is a microcontroller, programmed with traditional programming languages. Verilog is used programmable logic and IC design. Teensy 4.1 doesn't have generic programmable logic on the scale of a FPGA or CPLD where Verilog is used. Teensy 4.1 does have tiny AOI logic unit for peripheral triggers, but it's very small and not usable with Verilog.
You'd need this sort of board to play with Verilog.