And, yes, there is Serial + MIDI + Audio as an option! That is, in fact, fantastic! (And the audio design tool generates the framework of using Teensy as a USB output device, which is nice, too.)
I haven't been able to find any documentation for how to use the different USB modes, though. Is there a page I'm missing?
Like, if I choose for example the "MTP disk" USB mode, or the "Keyboard + Touch Screen" mode, is there documentation for what functions I should be using out of Teensyduino to go with these endpoints? Or do I just read the code and figure it out for myself?
Some of the features (serial, keyboard, etc) are documented in the Teensyduino libs section:
https://www.pjrc.com/teensy/td_keyboard.html
MTP Disk, Touchscreen, Audio, and MIDI are not, however.