Tons of noise while reading from SD card

The circuit with the NJFET will work with with the MIC input only, because it has a drain/biasing resistor built in. For the line input that resistor will have to be added. A quick simulation shows, that such a circuit built with J201 NJFET (or MMBFJ201 - SOT23 equivalent) with the 10k input Z of the SGTL5000 will deliver about 10.5dB gain (~x3.5). With typical output (10-20mVpp, let's assume 15mV) level from a piezo pickup it will result in about 50mVpp signal coming into the Line Input. And an inverted phase, which can be easily flipped back in software.
Luckily, it can be amplified further using the SGTL5000 ADC gain stage, up to 22.5dB. With so much gain it might be noisy, though.
piezo_preamp_sim.png

Try it with the Mic input first, it's only 2 components:
piezo_preamp_mic.gif

Through-hole JFETs in TO92 package are getting obsolete, not many component vendors have them. They were very popular in DIY stompbox projects and some shops selling parts and kits might still have them in stock. Otherwise, lots of SMT equivalents are available and cheaper.

I still think that testing and resolving the issues with power decoupling would be a better idea. Piezo acoustic guitar pickups are kind of special (impedance, output level) and require a dedicated preamp to get the best signal quality. LR Baggs is well known and respected in that area.
Not sure if the Teensy-Only solution will deliver the same quality. Might be good enough, though.

Another effective way of decoupling the analog power rail from the digital or noisy DC-DC converters is the capacitance multiplier. It's been very often used in the Boss/Roland digital pedals:
piezo_preamp_cmult.gif

It's only one transistor, resistor and a few capacitors. It should be placed in series with the piezo preamp 9V power.
 
SD cards pull a lot more current than you might think. Most 9V alkaline batteries have now switched to flat cell construction (6LF22) which are only good for low load applications - voltage drop is significant with even moderate current draw. Look for a 9V alkaline that says "6LR61" - these use the traditional 6x round cell (AAAA) construction which are MUCH better in high drain situations and have considerably less voltage drop. Energizer, Duracell and Rayovac 9V's used to all be round cells but they've all switched to the cheaper flat cells out of Malaysia which can't handle any load. The only round cell 9Vs (IEC 6LR61) left now are coming out of China (Harbor Freight has them and they perform like an old school Duracell under load)
 
SD cards pull a lot more current than you might think. Most 9V alkaline batteries have now switched to flat cell construction (6LF22) which are only good for low load applications - voltage drop is significant with even moderate current draw. Look for a 9V alkaline that says "6LR61" - these use the traditional 6x round cell (AAAA) construction which are MUCH better in high drain situations and have considerably less voltage drop. Energizer, Duracell and Rayovac 9V's used to all be round cells but they've all switched to the cheaper flat cells out of Malaysia which can't handle any load. The only round cell 9Vs (IEC 6LR61) left now are coming out of China (Harbor Freight has them and they perform like an old school Duracell under load)
I've been using rechargeable 9v batteries. Do they generally handle current better or worse than alkaline?
 
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