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Back when I tried ADA, it had little or no functions for visual output(one class assignment was to build a library of functions for VT220 terminals).
This was supposedly to make it more platform...

Just because a language doesn't have a feature built in it doesn't mean that the programmers are forbidden from implementing it themselves.
Those vulnerabilities are the result of sloppy coding.

I haven't had time to read much. Too many things going on...

But...
As an avid C programmer, have you read the C Bible?
http://ianchaiwriting.50megs.com/c-bible.html

And about...

Self-modifying code...
When it 'calls' a subroutine, it also modifies the 'Return' instruction from it with the correct return point.
It's something that's possible when you only have a few...

I'm NOT a C/C++ programmer.

I've programmed in C++ once, and even have Watcom C++(v11 or something, lots of diskettes... ) somewhere.
I never really got over the first hill,and really decided...

I haven't seen your book, but...
Some thing I've learned over the many, many years as a bumbling programmer is...

In C++ unless it's a Boolean, it's probably a pointer, not an actual object....