Here's a possible fix. Please give this a try and let me know if it works on your Windows 10 system?
Extract this to Arduino's hardware/tools folder, replacing the existing teensy_post_compile.exe.
Windows 10 Home
Windows 10 Creators Update
Version 1703
OS Build 15063.296
Arduino 1.8.2
Teensyduino 1.36
Teensy 3.6
Works, thank you.