SoftwareSerial on Uno to Serial1 on Teensy is probably the simplest. You will need a pair of resistors to decrease Uno's output to 3.3V. Best to test with a voltmeter before you connect it to Teensy 3.6.
The other viable option would be Wire, where one side runs master mode and the other side slave mode. The Wire lib comes with examples. Uno has very weak pullups to 5V. If you connect 2.2k resistor pullups to 3.3V, the SDA and SCL signals will be very close to 3.3V when high. That should also work. The Wire lib is nice for passing messages. It's more complicated than if you only send single bytes with serial, but if you send lots of complex messages it can be simpler than having to parse where each message begins as serial receives the bytes.