It is certainly possible, it depends on how much work you are prepared to put into the project.
If the aim here is to make the existing keyboard drive a current gen computer via USB then:
The photos suggest the keyboard is a matrix wired thing
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyboard_matrix_circuit
that would be interface with the matrix library
https://www.pjrc.com/teensy/td_libs_Keypad.html
And the outputs of that fed into
https://www.pjrc.com/teensy/td_keyboard.html
So all the parts are there but quite a lot of assembly required to finish things up. Depends a great deal on how much electronics stuff you have done before. Suggested starting points would be:
Look at the old keyboard and try to trace at least a couple of keys to where they go into the circuit board
Using a multimeter confirm you can get a short circuit when the relevant key is pressed - it is possible there is corrosion on the touching surfaces from age and this whole project cannot work without a lot of repairs.
Download Arduino and the Teensyduino add on
https://www.pjrc.com/teensy/td_download.html
under tools select board time teensy LC
look in files->examples->teensy->USB_keyboard and files->examples->keypad and see if you can see what you would be doing to graft the two together
Edit the keyboard example to include the keypad functions and confirm you can get it to compile
By this point you should have a good idea of what it would take to finish the project without having ordered any parts.