If you bought your Teensy from an authorized distributor, it came with a card, explaining all pins and pads. Out of that, everything is well documented on the Teensy reference pages on the PJRC website, which is always the first place to look for information: https://www.pjrc.com/teensy/pinout.html
Those 6 are test points, which we use while testing every board. You can find them referenced on the schematic, if you're curious where they are actually connected.
However, if you recently bought a Teensy 3.1 (which was discontinued over 3 years ago) it's very likely a counterfeit. How it actually is wired is anyone's guess.