Easiest way to do it without changing a bunch of things is to edit usb_desc.h, but if you ever needed to change it again you would have to edit that again. A while ago for my personal use I added an additional dropdown menu for selecting the number of midi ports I wanted, but I haven't updated it for the new Teensyduino and it requires changing a few files to support it.
Here's an example of changing the number of ports for the MIDIx4 profile, the relevant line is highlighted in red, simply change that number from 1 to 16. Your operating system most likely won't register the change by itself since it will have already been cached for 4 ports, but if you change the serial number at the same time it will get registered as a new device and you will see the change take effect.
Code:
#elif defined(USB_MIDI4)
#define VENDOR_ID 0x16C0
#define PRODUCT_ID 0x0485
#define BCD_DEVICE 0x0211
#define MANUFACTURER_NAME {'T','e','e','n','s','y','d','u','i','n','o'}
#define MANUFACTURER_NAME_LEN 11
#define PRODUCT_NAME {'T','e','e','n','s','y',' ','M','I','D','I','x','4'}
#define PRODUCT_NAME_LEN 13
#define EP0_SIZE 64
#define NUM_ENDPOINTS 4
#define NUM_USB_BUFFERS 16
#define NUM_INTERFACE 2
#define SEREMU_INTERFACE 1 // Serial emulation
#define SEREMU_TX_ENDPOINT 1
#define SEREMU_TX_SIZE 64
#define SEREMU_TX_INTERVAL 1
#define SEREMU_RX_ENDPOINT 2
#define SEREMU_RX_SIZE 32
#define SEREMU_RX_INTERVAL 2
#define MIDI_INTERFACE 0 // MIDI
#define MIDI_NUM_CABLES 4
#define MIDI_TX_ENDPOINT 3
#define MIDI_TX_SIZE 64
#define MIDI_RX_ENDPOINT 4
#define MIDI_RX_SIZE 64
#define ENDPOINT1_CONFIG ENDPOINT_TRANSIMIT_ONLY
#define ENDPOINT2_CONFIG ENDPOINT_RECEIVE_ONLY
#define ENDPOINT3_CONFIG ENDPOINT_TRANSIMIT_ONLY
#define ENDPOINT4_CONFIG ENDPOINT_RECEIVE_ONLY