Teensy 4.0 UART RX to DMA

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HuHu

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Teensy 4.0 UART RX to DMA

Can anyone help to convert the T3.6 example below to T4.0?

Best Regards,
HuHu

Code:
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

//  UART Rx to DMA ping pong
#include <DMAChannel.h>
#define PRREG(x) Serial.print(#x" 0x"); Serial.println(x,HEX)
#define SAMPLES 1024

DMAMEM static uint8_t rx_buffer[SAMPLES];
DMAChannel dma(false);

volatile uint8_t *dest;

void isr(void)
{
  uint32_t daddr;

  dma.clearInterrupt();
  daddr = (uint32_t)(dma.TCD->DADDR);

  if (daddr < (uint32_t)rx_buffer + sizeof(rx_buffer) / 2) {
    // DMA is filling the first half of the buffer
    // so we must print the second half
    dest = &rx_buffer[SAMPLES / 2];
  } else {
    // DMA is filling the second half of the buffer
    // so we must print the first half
    dest = rx_buffer;
  }
}

void dmainit()
{
  // set up a DMA channel to store UART byte
  // Serial4  UART3
  dma.begin(true); // Allocate the DMA channel first

  dma.source((uint8_t &) UART3_D);
  dma.destinationBuffer(rx_buffer, sizeof(rx_buffer));

  dma.TCD->CSR = DMA_TCD_CSR_INTHALF | DMA_TCD_CSR_INTMAJOR;
  dma.triggerAtHardwareEvent(DMAMUX_SOURCE_UART3_RX);
  dma.enable();
  dma.attachInterrupt(isr);
}

void setup()
{
  Serial.begin(9600);
  while (!Serial);
  dmainit();
  Serial4.begin(4800);
  UART3_C5 =  UART_C5_RDMAS;  // ? enable DMA
}

void loop()
{
  static uint32_t prev = millis();

  if (dest) {
    // print or write to SD
    uint32_t t = millis();
    Serial.print(t - prev); Serial.println(" ms");
    Serial.println((uint32_t)dest, HEX);
    for (int i = 0; i < SAMPLES / 2; i++)Serial.print((char)dest[i]);
    Serial.println();
    prev = t;    // interrupt period
    dest = 0;   // wait for next interrupt
  }
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
Last edited by a moderator:
Sorry I am not Paul...

Hints? Not sure, I have not done DMA to UARTS before, have done it for SPI, probably similar...

One hint is to look at SPI library and you can see version that works for T3.x and version that works for T4.

Looks like on T4 Serial3 is on Uart4. You probably want to look at section 48.4.1 of the IMXRT1060RM PDF to look at Uart register definitions...
So things like the data register: dma.source((uint8_t &) UART3_D); would probably go to: LPUART4_DATA

The Dma sources and like probably go to:
#define DMAMUX_SOURCE_LPUART4_RX 68
#define DMAMUX_SOURCE_LPUART4_TX 69


What UART registers you may need to monitor and the like?
Would take some experimentation, like look at the
LPUART4_BAUD register, there are fields like: TDMAE, RDMAE, RIDMAE

There are probably other registers to muck with as well, like: LPUART4_WATER
which sets up counters and watermark values...

And maybe some others...
 
..... did some reading but no success!

Seems that "dmaRXisr" isn't entered :mad:

Serial Monitor output:

LPUART1_CTRL=0x0
LPUART1_BAUD=0xF000004


Code:
//===============================
//  UART Rx to DMA (ping<-->pong)
//===============================

#include <DMAChannel.h>
DMAChannel dmaRX(false);
#define SAMPLES 512
DMAMEM static uint8_t rx_buffer[SAMPLES];
volatile uint8_t *dest;

void dmaRXinit()
{
  dmaRX.begin(true); // Allocate the DMA channel
  dmaRX.source((uint8_t &) LPUART1_DATA); // SERIAL2 = LPUART1
  dmaRX.triggerAtHardwareEvent(DMAMUX_SOURCE_LPUART1_RX);
  dmaRX.destinationBuffer(rx_buffer, sizeof(rx_buffer));
  dmaRX.TCD->CSR = DMA_TCD_CSR_INTHALF | DMA_TCD_CSR_INTMAJOR;
  dmaRX.enable();
  dmaRX.attachInterrupt(dmaRXisr);
}

void dmaRXisr(void)
{
  uint32_t daddr;  

  dmaRX.clearInterrupt();  
  daddr = (uint32_t)(dmaRX.TCD->DADDR);
   
  if (daddr < (uint32_t)rx_buffer + sizeof(rx_buffer) / 2)  
    dest = &rx_buffer[SAMPLES / 2]; 
  else 
    dest = rx_buffer;               
}

void setup()
{
  Serial.begin(115200);
  Serial2.begin(9600);
  dmaRXinit();  
  LPUART1_CTRL |= (                
                   LPUART_CTRL_RE |
                   LPUART_CTRL_RIE |               
                   LPUART_CTRL_TCIE |
                   LPUART_CTRL_RIE |                  
                   LPUART_CTRL_ILIE              
                  );               
  LPUART1_BAUD |= (LPUART_BAUD_RDMAE);  
  Serial.print("LPUART1_CTRL=0x"); Serial.println(LPUART1_CTRL,HEX);
  Serial.print("LPUART1_BAUD=0x"); Serial.println(LPUART1_BAUD,HEX);
}

void loop()
{
  static uint32_t prev = millis();
  if (dest)
  {
    uint32_t t = millis();
    Serial.print(t - prev); Serial.println(" ms");
    Serial.println((uint32_t)dest, HEX);
    for (int i = 0; i < SAMPLES / 2; i++) Serial.print((char)dest[i]);
    Serial.println();
    prev = t; 
    dest = 0;
  }
}

Best Regards,
HuHu
 
HuHu,

I am sort of lost with your setup. Looks like you are setting up LPUART1_ And your code looks like you are working Serial2?
Where on T4 Serial 2 uses LPUART_4... LPUART_1 is used on Serial6 which is Arduino pins 24, 25.

And yes Uart1 was used on T3.x for Serial2, but not on T4.

I am actually surprised that your program did not fault before it output the LPUART1, as I don't think the code was called to initialize the "Clock" register which allows access to those registers.
Something like:
Code:
CCM_CCGR5 |= CCM_CCGR5_LPUART1(CCM_CCGR_ON);

Again there is no information on how you expect the data to come, and the like. I am assuming some external hardware?



Note: whenever I am working on DMA stuff, I end up hacking in my own Dump the DMA structures, that I use to print out the data. And in several of the libraries it is still there under ifdef.
Code:
#ifdef DEBUG_ASYNC_UPDATE
void dumpDMA_TCD(DMABaseClass *dmabc)
{
	Serial.printf("%x %x:", (uint32_t)dmabc, (uint32_t)dmabc->TCD);

	Serial.printf("SA:%x SO:%d AT:%x NB:%x SL:%d DA:%x DO: %d CI:%x DL:%x CS:%x BI:%x\n", (uint32_t)dmabc->TCD->SADDR,
		dmabc->TCD->SOFF, dmabc->TCD->ATTR, dmabc->TCD->NBYTES, dmabc->TCD->SLAST, (uint32_t)dmabc->TCD->DADDR, 
		dmabc->TCD->DOFF, dmabc->TCD->CITER, dmabc->TCD->DLASTSGA, dmabc->TCD->CSR, dmabc->TCD->BITER);
}
#endif

void ILI9488_t3::dumpDMASettings() {
#ifdef DEBUG_ASYNC_UPDATE
#if defined(__MK66FX1M0__) 
	dumpDMA_TCD(&_dmatx);
	dumpDMA_TCD(&_dmasettings[0]);
	dumpDMA_TCD(&_dmasettings[1]);
	dumpDMA_TCD(&_dmasettings[2]);
#elif defined(__MK64FX512__)
	dumpDMA_TCD(&_dmatx);
//	dumpDMA_TCD(&_dmarx);
#elif defined(__IMXRT1052__) || defined(__IMXRT1062__)  // Teensy 4.x
	// Serial.printf("DMA dump TCDs %d\n", _dmatx.channel);
	dumpDMA_TCD(&_dmatx);
	dumpDMA_TCD(&_dmasettings[0]);
	dumpDMA_TCD(&_dmasettings[1]);
#else
#endif	
#endif
This one came from the ILI9488_t3 library that @mjs513 developed...

Again this one has the setup to show it's specific setup, for chains of dmasettings... But in your case it would be just the one.
It has helped me find issues in the past, where maybe a bit was set that I did not expect or ...

But the first thing is to use the correct LPUART for the Serial port you are wanting to try.
 
Hi KurtE,

THX for your quick response!

Changing LPUART1 to LPUART4 shows a little change:

LPUART4_BAUD=0x18200064
LPUART4_CTRL=0x3C0000

FYI - Serial2 RX is connected to TX of a GPS-module at 9.600 Baud

Code:
//===============================
//  UART Rx to DMA (ping<-->pong)
//===============================

#include <DMAChannel.h>
DMAChannel dmaRX(false);
#define SAMPLES 128
DMAMEM static uint8_t rx_buffer[SAMPLES];
volatile uint8_t *dest;

void dmaRXisr(void)
{
  uint32_t daddr;  

  dmaRX.clearInterrupt();  
  daddr = (uint32_t)(dmaRX.TCD->DADDR);
  
  if (daddr < (uint32_t)rx_buffer + sizeof(rx_buffer) / 2)
  {  
    dest = &rx_buffer[SAMPLES / 2]; 
  }   
  else
  { 
    dest = rx_buffer; 
  }
  Serial.print("dmaRXisr: dest=0x"); Serial.println((uint32_t)dest, HEX);
}

void dmaRXinit()
{
  dmaRX.begin(true); // Allocate the DMA channel
  dmaRX.source((uint8_t &) LPUART4_DATA); // SERIAL2 = LPUART4 ! ! !
  dmaRX.triggerAtHardwareEvent(DMAMUX_SOURCE_LPUART4_RX);
  dmaRX.destinationBuffer(rx_buffer, sizeof(rx_buffer));
  dmaRX.TCD->CSR = DMA_TCD_CSR_INTHALF | DMA_TCD_CSR_INTMAJOR;
  dmaRX.enable();
  dmaRX.attachInterrupt(dmaRXisr);
}

void setup()
{
  Serial.begin(115200);
  
  for (int i = 0; i < SAMPLES; i++)
  {
    rx_buffer[i]=(char)((i%10)+48);
    Serial.print((char)rx_buffer[i]);
    if(i%64==63) Serial.println();
  }  
  Serial.println();
  
  Serial2.begin(9600); // Serial2 = LPUART4 ! ! !
 
  dmaRXinit(); 

  LPUART4_BAUD |= (
                   LPUART_BAUD_RDMAE |
                   //LPUART_BAUD_RIDMAE | // not defined, so tried (1<<20), no success
                   0x00000000
                  );
                   
  Serial.print("LPUART4_BAUD=0x"); Serial.println(LPUART4_BAUD,HEX);
  
  LPUART4_CTRL |= (                  
                   LPUART_CTRL_RIE |
                   LPUART_CTRL_ILIE |               
                   LPUART_CTRL_RE |
                   0x00000000
                  );               

  Serial.print("LPUART4_CTRL=0x"); Serial.println(LPUART4_CTRL,HEX);

}

void loop()
{
  static uint32_t prev = millis();
  if (dest)
  {
    uint32_t t = millis();
    Serial.print(t - prev); Serial.println(" ms");
    Serial.println((uint32_t)dest, HEX);
    for (int i = 0; i < SAMPLES / 2; i++) Serial.print((char)dest[i]);
    Serial.println();
    prev = t; 
    dest = 0;
  }
}

Any new ideas?

HuHu
 
Did you grab my updated imxrt.h file?

If not a quick test to see if anything changes:
Currently you are using: DMAMUX_SOURCE_LPUART4_RX
Try changing it (temporarily) to use DMAMUX_SOURCE_LPUART4_TX

And see if anything happens...
 
it's getting better

Did you grab my updated imxrt.h file?

If not a quick test to see if anything changes:
Currently you are using: DMAMUX_SOURCE_LPUART4_RX
Try changing it (temporarily) to use DMAMUX_SOURCE_LPUART4_TX

And see if anything happens...

It's getting better ;)

First I did a quick test changing "DMAMUX_SOURCE_LPUART4_RX" to "DMAMUX_SOURCE_LPUART4_TX" --> isr is entered now

After that I replaced the "imxrt.h2 file --> same result, isr is entered

..... BUT - no transfer of received data to my buffer - so let's hope for another idea :)

serial monitor output + comments:

Code:
0123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123 - initial data (first/left half)
4567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567 - initial data (second/right half)

LPUART4_BAUD=0x18200064
LPUART4_CTRL=0x3C0000

dmaRXisr: dest=0x20200000 - address (first/left half)
71 ms - time between loops
20200000 - address
0123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123 - still initial data

dmaRXisr: dest=0x20200040 - address (second/right half)
66 ms - time between loops
20200040 - address (second/right half)
4567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567 - still initial data

dmaRXisr: dest=0x20200000 - address (first/left half)
67 ms - time between loops
20200000 - address
0123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123 - still initial data

dmaRXisr: dest=0x20200040 - address (second/right half)
587 ms - time between loops
20200040 - address
4567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567 - still initial data
 
My guess is you might have run into the DMAMEM twilight zone :D

That is in the second 512KB of memory is a different memory than the lower 512KB of memory and it has a write back memory caching... The fun of it, is the DMA subsystem does not look at or deal with the cache, it talks directly to the RAM. So when you DMA out of memory you need to tell the system to flush its cache back into physical memory, and when you DMA into memory you need to tell the system to delete the stuff it had in it's cache...

There is details about this in a few different threads and posts, like:
https://forum.pjrc.com/threads/54711-Teensy-4-0-First-Beta-Test?p=209340&viewfull=1#post209340

Which is also in the thread, I started trying to make sense of memory: https://forum.pjrc.com/threads/5732...ferent-regions?p=220632&viewfull=1#post220632

A hint from the SPI library code I did.
Code:
		if ((uint32_t)retbuf >= 0x20200000u)  arm_dcache_delete(retbuf, count);
Which sort of says if the return buffer is in high memory than delete the cache....

Another hint. DMA appears to work better when memory addresses used in DMA are aligned to 32 byte addresses (Learned this from @Frank B). So for example in my ILI9341_t3n, If I am going to allocate a frame buffer which may be used for DMA, I do it like:

Code:
			_we_allocated_buffer = (uint16_t *)malloc(CBALLOC+32);
			if (_we_allocated_buffer == NULL)
				return 0;	// failed 
			_pfbtft = (uint16_t*) (((uintptr_t)_we_allocated_buffer + 32) & ~ ((uintptr_t) (31)));
 
... next step --->

Hi KurtE,

removed DMAMEM from definition of "rx_buffer" --> seems to be nearly perfect

Code:
setup(): dest=0x20000DBC
0123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123
4567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567

LPUART4_BAUD=0x18200064
LPUART4_CTRL=0x3C0000
prev loop(): 1 µs
0123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123
this loop(): 9 µs
dmaRXisr: dest=0x20000DBC
prev loop(): 995390 µs
001.37935,E,1,05,2.98,381.3,M,45.0,M,,*5C$GPGGA,180504.00,4813.8
this loop(): 8 µs
dmaRXisr: dest=0x20000DFC
prev loop(): 990437 µs
6904,N,01301.37934,E,1,05,2.98,381.2,M,45.0,M,,*5F$GPGGA,180505.
this loop(): 9 µs

Last (hopefully) problem I see --> GPS-sentence normally ends with CR/LF, next sentence starts with $GPGGA.

The CR/LF characters are missing :confused:

Code:
//===============================
//  UART Rx to DMA (ping<-->pong)
//===============================

#include <DMAChannel.h>
DMAChannel dmaRX(false);
#define SAMPLES 128
//DMAMEM static uint8_t rx_buffer[SAMPLES];
uint8_t rx_buffer[SAMPLES];
volatile uint8_t *dest;

void dmaRXisr(void)
{
  uint32_t daddr;  

  dmaRX.clearComplete();
  dmaRX.clearInterrupt();  
  daddr = (uint32_t)(dmaRX.TCD->DADDR);
  
  if (daddr < (uint32_t)rx_buffer + sizeof(rx_buffer) / 2)
  {  
    dest = &rx_buffer[SAMPLES / 2]; 
  }   
  else
  { 
    dest = rx_buffer; 
  }
  Serial.print("dmaRXisr: dest=0x"); Serial.println((uint32_t)dest, HEX);
}

void dmaRXinit()
{
  dmaRX.begin(true); // Allocate the DMA channel
  dmaRX.source((uint8_t &) LPUART4_DATA); // SERIAL2 = LPUART4 ! ! !
  dmaRX.triggerAtHardwareEvent(DMAMUX_SOURCE_LPUART4_RX); // _TX
  dmaRX.destinationBuffer(rx_buffer, sizeof(rx_buffer));
  dmaRX.TCD->CSR = DMA_TCD_CSR_INTHALF | DMA_TCD_CSR_INTMAJOR;
  dmaRX.enable();
  dmaRX.attachInterrupt(dmaRXisr);
}

void setup()
{
  Serial.begin(115200);
  
  dest = rx_buffer;
  Serial.print("setup(): dest=0x"); Serial.println((uint32_t)dest, HEX);
  
  for (int i = 0; i < SAMPLES; i++)
  {
    rx_buffer[i]=(char)((i%10)+48);
    Serial.print((char)rx_buffer[i]);
    if(i%64==63) Serial.println();
  }  
  Serial.println();
  
  Serial2.begin(9600); // Serial2 = LPUART4 ! ! !
 
  dmaRXinit(); 

  LPUART4_BAUD |= (
                   LPUART_BAUD_RDMAE |
                   //LPUART_BAUD_RIDMAE | // (1<<20)
                   0x00000000
                  );
                   
  Serial.print("LPUART4_BAUD=0x"); Serial.println(LPUART4_BAUD,HEX);
  
  LPUART4_CTRL |= (                  
                   LPUART_CTRL_RIE |
                   LPUART_CTRL_ILIE |               
                   LPUART_CTRL_RE |
                   0x00000000
                  );          

  Serial.print("LPUART4_CTRL=0x"); Serial.println(LPUART4_CTRL,HEX);

}

void loop()
{
  static uint32_t prev = micros();
  if (dest)
  {
    uint32_t t = micros();
    Serial.print("prev loop(): "); Serial.print(t - prev); Serial.println(" µs");  
    for (int i = 0; i < SAMPLES / 2; i++)
    {
      Serial.print((char)dest[i]);
      if (dest[i]==13) Serial.print(" ||| CR ||| ");
      if (dest[i]==10) Serial.print(" ||| LF ||| ");  
    }
    Serial.println();
    prev = t; 
    dest = 0;
    Serial.print("this loop(): "); Serial.print(micros() - t); Serial.println(" µs");
  }
}

BTW - is it OK to tag "serial monitor output" as CODE or is there a bettar way?
 
Last edited:
CR and LF/NL characters are dropped

Hi KurtE,

any idea why CR and LF/NL characters are dropped? (see previous post)

Best Regards,
HuHu
 
Nope, maybe not sent by device or are you testing with serial monitor. If monitor what do you have line ending set to?
 
Nope, maybe not sent by device or are you testing with serial monitor. If monitor what do you have line ending set to?

CR/LF characters are definitely sent by device, I've checked settings for line ending in serial monitor.

As an additional prove CR/LF are tested in my code and string with corresponding text should be printed.
 
Maybe, but maybe it does and is overwritten by next line of text...

Maybe try something like this to print instead...
Code:
   for (int i = 0; i < SAMPLES / 2; i++)
    {
      if ((dest[i] >= ' ') && (dest[i] <= '~')) Serial.print((char)dest[i]);
      else Serial.printf("<%02x>", (char)dest[i]); 
    }
Note could be typos, also if < and > are not obvious choose something else...
 
Maybe, but maybe it does and is overwritten by next line of text...

Maybe try something like this to print instead...
Code:
   for (int i = 0; i < SAMPLES / 2; i++)
    {
      if ((dest[i] >= ' ') && (dest[i] <= '~')) Serial.print((char)dest[i]);
      else Serial.printf("<%02x>", (char)dest[i]); 
    }
Note could be typos, also if < and > are not obvious choose something else...

Sorry for my late reply, there were a lot of other things to do.
Unfortunately, your suggestion hasn't brought a change.
But there is a new situation in that sometimes totally wrong data is displayed.
Sometimes it looks like a lot of characters are missing.
GPS-sentences start with "$GPGSA", "$GPGLL", "$GPRMC", "$GPVTG"
Here is an example (serial monitor output):

Code:
LPUART4_BAUD=0x18200064
LPUART4_CTRL=0x3C0000
....+....1....+....2....+....3....+....4....+....5....+....6....+....7....+....8
dmaRXisr: dest=0x20000DBC
$R,,,,,5PG,,,3PA,,099,,4PA,,,,,9999993PL,,N4$R,,,,,5PG,,,3
dmaRXisr: dest=0x20000DFB
$G,,0099,,8$G,1,,,,9999990$G,,V*$R,,,,,5PG,,,3PA,,099,,4PA,
dmaRXisr: dest=0x20000DBC
,,,,,9999990$G,,V*$R,,,,,5PG,,,3PA,,099,,4PA,,,,,9999993PL,
dmaRXisr: dest=0x20000DFB
,V*$R,,,,,5PG,,,3PA,,099,,4PA,,,,,9999993PL,,N4$R,,,,,5PG,
dmaRXisr: dest=0x20000DBC
,,N0$G,,0099,,8$G,1,,,,9999990$G,,V*$R,,,,,5PG,,,3PA,,099,,4
dmaRXisr: dest=0x20000DFB
PG,1,,,,9999990$G,,V*$R,,,,,5PG,,,3PA,,099,,4PA,,,,,9999993
dmaRXisr: dest=0x20000DBC
PG,,V*$R,,,,,5PG,,,3PA,,099,,4PA,,,,,9999993PL,,N4$R,,,,,5
 
I will try to take a quick look.

I did pull out an Adafruit Ultimate GPS unit out of my displays and sensors box...

I wired it up to T4 to Serial2. Did a quick and dirty sketch:
Code:
void setup()
{
  while(!Serial && millis() < 4000);
  Serial.begin(115200);
  Serial2.begin(9600);
  
}
void loop()
{
  int ch;
  while ((ch = Serial2.read()) != -1) {
    if (ch < ' ') Serial.printf("<%02x>", ch);
    Serial.write(ch);
  }
}

And I get continuous lines like:
Code:
$GPGSA,A,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,*1E<0d>
<0a>
$GPGSV,1,1,04,22,,,23,03,,,24,32,,,17,31,,,30*7F<0d>
<0a>
$GPRMC,203622.307,V,,,,,0.00,0.00,011219,,,N*44<0d>
<0a>
$GPVTG,0.00,T,,M,0.00,N,0.00,K,N*32<0d>
<0a>
$GPGGA,203623.307,,,,,0,00,,,M,,M,,*7A<0d>
<0a>
$GPGSA,A,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,*1E<0d>
<0a>
$GPRMC,203623.307,V,,,,,0.00,0.00,011219,,,N*45<0d>
<0a>
$GPVTG,0.00,T,,M,0.00,N,0.00,K,N*32<0d>
<0a>

Personally I am not sure why you are going through the hassle of DMA, but...
 
Quick update, I am running your sketch, and I am seeing CR and LF...

That is: Some output:
Code:
this loop(): 11 µs
dmaRXisr: dest=0x20000D3C
prev loop(): 67391 µs
GGA,204627.000,4825.6559,N,12237.3597,W,1,05,1.99,160.8,M,-17.0,
this loop(): 11 µs
dmaRXisr: dest=0x20000D7C
prev loop(): 67388 µs
M,,*52
 ||| CR ||| 
 ||| LF ||| $GPGSA,A,3,22,03,14,23,01,,,,,,,,2.20,1.99,0.94*08
 ||| CR ||| 
 ||| LF ||| $GPG
this loop(): 12 µs
dmaRXisr: dest=0x20000D3C
prev loop(): 67387 µs
SV,4,1,14,22,80,260,22,03,59,300,22,31,59,081,,14,45,067,19*73
 ||| CR ||| 
 ||| LF ||| 
this loop(): 12 µs

So not sure what you are seeing...
 
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