@Paul: I want to generate signals as fast as possible. The CPU has no other work to do after the parameters have been setup. Of course you are right that normally fast interruopts should be avoided.
@luni: I got the following line from your hints:
CCM_CSCMR1 &= ~CCM_CSCMR1_PERCLK_CLK_SEL; //<-------- Switch Clock to 150MHz
This does the trick and gives me the right place where to look for. So thanks for your help!