Teensy 4.0 crashing or stuck in loop if using SPI1 on lower clock speed.

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Trip

Member
Hello,

I want to make a wireless mouse using a PMW3360 sensor and a teensy 4.0. So far I have the sensor working perfectly over both SPI and SPI1. I chose to use SPI1 in the end as using SPI will make the onboard LED on pin 13 light up which I dont want because I want to save battery power. Now for some reason SPI1 works perfectly fine if I use the default 600mhz clock speed or if I overclock it (I tried the 720mhz mode). But if I try to underclock it the teensy locks up if I use SPI1 whereas SPI just functions normally even at the 24mhz mode. Does anybody have a clue what could be causing this? I also dont mind desoldering the LED but I am worried if that could cause issues if its wired up in series with the output of pin13.
 
Sorry, I have no idea.

Might have to experiment some. As for as the SPI objects are concerned the only real different is
internally SPI object uses hardware LPSPI4 and SPI1 uses LPSPI3...

I believe both use the same clock tree settings, so should be the same... But then again SHOULD does not always implies DOES...

What clock speed are you trying to use?

And likewise do you have same simple example that shows the hang/crash?
 
I want to preferably use the lowest clock speed but if that proves to slow I will increase it if nessecary. For SPI all the underclock settings worked and it resulted in less power draw but for SPI1 none of them worked only the overclocked (720mhz) and stock 600mhz.

I made an example program where it crashes but in my main program its doing the same thing.

Code:
#include <PMW3360.h>

#define MOT 17   // motion interrupt pin, connect this pin to MT on the module.
#define SS  0   // Slave Select pin. Connect this to SS on the module.

PMW3360 sensor;
volatile bool motion = false;

short x = 0;
short y = 0;

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
  while (!Serial);
  
  pinMode(0, OUTPUT);        //SS
  pinMode(26, OUTPUT);        //MOSI
  pinMode(1, INPUT_PULLUP);  //MISO
  pinMode(27, OUTPUT);        //SCK
  pinMode(16, OUTPUT);        //RESET
  pinMode(17, INPUT_PULLUP);   //MOTION

  digitalWrite(16, HIGH);
  delay(10);

  if (sensor.begin(SS)) // 0 is the pin connected to SS of the module.
    Serial.println("Sensor initialization succesfull");
  else
    Serial.println("Sensor initialization failed");

  pinMode(MOT, INPUT_PULLUP);
  attachInterrupt(digitalPinToInterrupt(MOT), motionDetected, FALLING);

  // if motion interrupt pin is already low, read it from the first loop.
  if (digitalRead(MOT) == LOW)
    motion = true;
}

void loop() {

  if (motion)
  {
    cli();      // disable interrupt during motion data processing.
    PMW3360_DATA data = sensor.readBurst(); // read sensor data.
    x = data.dx;
    y = data.dy;
    Serial.print(x);
    Serial.print("\t");
    Serial.print(y);
    Serial.println();

    motion = false;
    sei();      // enable interrupt again.
  }
}

void motionDetected() // interrupt service routine should be minimized.
{
  motion = true;    // flag setting.
}

Below is an edited version of the library source code I am using to control the PMW3360 so SPI1 works with it. (I changed whereever it says SPI to SPI1 so it will use SPI1 instead)
Original can be found here https://www.arduinolibraries.info/libraries/pmw3360-module.

Code:
/*
  PMW3366.cpp - Library for interfacing PMW3360 motion sensor module

  Copyright (c) 2019, Sunjun Kim
  
  This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
  modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
  License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
  version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

  This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
  Lesser General Public License for more details.

  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
  License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
  Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
*/

#include "PMW3360.h"

#define BEGIN_COM digitalWrite(_ss, LOW); delayMicroseconds(1)
#define END_COM   delayMicroseconds(1); digitalWrite(_ss, HIGH)
#define SPI_BEGIN SPI1.beginTransaction(SPISettings(16000000, MSBFIRST, SPI_MODE3))
#define SPI_END   SPI1.endTransaction()

const unsigned short firmware_length = 4094;
const unsigned char firmware_data[] PROGMEM = {    // SROM 0x04
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0x3c, 0xfa, 0x76, 0x4f, 0xfd, 0x59, 0x30, 0xe2, 0x46, 0xef, 0x3d, 0xf8, 0x53, 0x05, 0x69, 
0x31, 0xc1, 0x00, 0x82, 0x86, 0x8e, 0x7f, 0x5d, 0x19, 0xb0, 0xe2, 0x27, 0xcc, 0xfb, 0x74, 
0x4b, 0x14, 0x8b, 0x94, 0x8b, 0x75, 0x68, 0x33, 0xc5, 0x08, 0x92, 0x87, 0x8c, 0x9a, 0xb6, 
0xcf, 0x1c, 0xba, 0xd7, 0x0d, 0x98, 0xb2, 0xe6, 0x2f, 0xdc, 0x1b, 0x95, 0x89, 0x71, 0x60, 
0x23, 0xc4, 0x0a, 0x96, 0x8f, 0x9c, 0xba, 0xf6, 0x6e, 0x3f, 0xfc, 0x5b, 0x15, 0xa8, 0xd2, 
0x26, 0xaf, 0xbd, 0xf8, 0x72, 0x66, 0x2f, 0xdc, 0x1b, 0xb4, 0xcb, 0x14, 0x8b, 0x94, 0xaa, 
0xb7, 0xcd, 0xf9, 0x51, 0x01, 0x80, 0x82, 0x86, 0x6f, 0x3d, 0xd9, 0x30, 0xe2, 0x27, 0xcc, 
0xfb, 0x74, 0x4b, 0x14, 0xaa, 0xb7, 0xcd, 0xf9, 0x70, 0x43, 0x04, 0x6b, 0x35, 0xc9, 0xf1, 
0x60, 0x23, 0xa5, 0xc8, 0xf3, 0x45, 0x08, 0x92, 0x87, 0x6d, 0x58, 0x32, 0xe6, 0x2f, 0xbd, 
0xf8, 0x72, 0x66, 0x4e, 0x1e, 0xbe, 0xfe, 0x7e, 0x7e, 0x7e, 0x5f, 0x1d, 0x99, 0x91, 0xa0, 
0xa3, 0xc4, 0x0a, 0x77, 0x4d, 0x18, 0x93, 0xa4, 0xab, 0xd4, 0x0b, 0x75, 0x49, 0x10, 0xa2, 
0xc6, 0xef, 0x3d, 0xf8, 0x53, 0x24, 0xab, 0xb5, 0xe8, 0x33, 0xe4, 0x4a, 0x16, 0xae, 0xde, 
0x1f, 0xbc, 0xdb, 0x15, 0xa8, 0xb3, 0xc5, 0x08, 0x73, 0x45, 0xe9, 0x31, 0xc1, 0xe1, 0x21, 
0xa1, 0xa1, 0xa1, 0xc0, 0x02, 0x86, 0x6f, 0x5c, 0x3a, 0xd7, 0x0d, 0x98, 0x93, 0xa4, 0xca, 
0x16, 0xae, 0xde, 0x1f, 0x9d, 0x99, 0xb0, 0xe2, 0x46, 0xef, 0x3d, 0xf8, 0x72, 0x47, 0x0c, 
0x9a, 0xb6, 0xcf, 0xfd, 0x59, 0x11, 0xa0, 0xa3, 0xa5, 0xc8, 0xf3, 0x45, 0x08, 0x92, 0x87, 
0x6d, 0x39, 0xf0, 0x43, 0x04, 0x8a, 0x96, 0xae, 0xde, 0x3e, 0xdf, 0x1d, 0x99, 0x91, 0xa0, 
0xc2, 0x06, 0x6f, 0x3d, 0xf8, 0x72, 0x47, 0x0c, 0x9a, 0x97, 0x8d, 0x98, 0x93, 0x85, 0x88, 
0x73, 0x45, 0xe9, 0x31, 0xe0, 0x23, 0xa5, 0xa9, 0xd0, 0x03, 0x84, 0x8a, 0x96, 0xae, 0xde, 
0x1f, 0xbc, 0xdb, 0x15, 0xa8, 0xd2, 0x26, 0xce, 0xff, 0x5d, 0x19, 0x91, 0x81, 0x80, 0x82, 
0x67, 0x2d, 0xd8, 0x13, 0xa4, 0xab, 0xd4, 0x0b, 0x94, 0xaa, 0xb7, 0xcd, 0xf9, 0x51, 0x20, 
0xa3, 0xa5, 0xc8, 0xf3, 0x45, 0xe9, 0x50, 0x22, 0xc6, 0xef, 0x5c, 0x3a, 0xd7, 0x0d, 0x98, 
0x93, 0x85, 0x88, 0x73, 0x64, 0x4a, 0xf7, 0x4d, 0xf9, 0x51, 0x20, 0xa3, 0xc4, 0x0a, 0x96, 
0xae, 0xde, 0x3e, 0xfe, 0x7e, 0x7e, 0x7e, 0x5f, 0x3c, 0xfa, 0x76, 0x4f, 0xfd, 0x78, 0x72, 
0x66, 0x2f, 0xbd, 0xd9, 0x30, 0xc3, 0xe5, 0x48, 0x12, 0x87, 0x8c, 0x7b, 0x55, 0x28, 0xd2, 
0x07, 0x8c, 0x9a, 0x97, 0xac, 0xda, 0x17, 0x8d, 0x79, 0x51, 0x20, 0xa3, 0xc4, 0xeb, 0x54, 
0x0b, 0x94, 0x8b, 0x94, 0xaa, 0xd6, 0x2e, 0xbf, 0xfc, 0x5b, 0x15, 0xa8, 0xd2, 0x26, 0xaf, 
0xdc, 0x1b, 0xb4, 0xea, 0x37, 0xec, 0x3b, 0xf4, 0x6a, 0x37, 0xcd, 0x18, 0x93, 0x85, 0x69, 
0x31, 0xc1, 0xe1, 0x40, 0xe3, 0x25, 0xc8, 0x12, 0x87, 0x8c, 0x9a, 0xb6, 0xcf, 0xfd, 0x59, 
0x11, 0xa0, 0xc2, 0x06, 0x8e, 0x7f, 0x5d, 0x38, 0xf2, 0x47, 0x0c, 0x7b, 0x74, 0x6a, 0x37, 
0xec, 0x5a, 0x36, 0xee, 0x3f, 0xfc, 0x7a, 0x76, 0x4f, 0x1c, 0x9b, 0x95, 0x89, 0x71, 0x41, 
0x00, 0x63, 0x44, 0xeb, 0x54, 0x2a, 0xd6, 0x0f, 0x9c, 0xba, 0xd7, 0x0d, 0x98, 0x93, 0x85, 
0x69, 0x31, 0xc1, 0x00, 0x82, 0x86, 0x8e, 0x9e, 0xbe, 0xdf, 0x3c, 0xfa, 0x57, 0x2c, 0xda, 
0x36, 0xee, 0x3f, 0xfc, 0x5b, 0x15, 0x89, 0x71, 0x41, 0x00, 0x82, 0x86, 0x8e, 0x7f, 0x5d, 
0x38, 0xf2, 0x47, 0xed, 0x58, 0x13, 0xa4, 0xca, 0xf7, 0x4d, 0xf9, 0x51, 0x01, 0x80, 0x63, 
0x44, 0xeb, 0x54, 0x2a, 0xd6, 0x2e, 0xbf, 0xdd, 0x19, 0x91, 0xa0, 0xa3, 0xa5, 0xa9, 0xb1, 
0xe0, 0x42, 0x06, 0x8e, 0x7f, 0x5d, 0x19, 0x91, 0xa0, 0xa3, 0xc4, 0x0a, 0x96, 0x8f, 0x7d, 
0x78, 0x72, 0x47, 0x0c, 0x7b, 0x74, 0x6a, 0x56, 0x2e, 0xde, 0x1f, 0xbc, 0xfa, 0x57, 0x0d, 
0x79, 0x51, 0x01, 0x61, 0x21, 0xa1, 0xc0, 0xe3, 0x25, 0xa9, 0xb1, 0xc1, 0xe1, 0x40, 0x02, 
0x67, 0x4c, 0x1a, 0x97, 0x8d, 0x98, 0x93, 0xa4, 0xab, 0xd4, 0x2a, 0xd6, 0x0f, 0x9c, 0x9b, 
0xb4, 0xcb, 0x14, 0xaa, 0xb7, 0xcd, 0xf9, 0x51, 0x20, 0xa3, 0xc4, 0xeb, 0x35, 0xc9, 0xf1, 
0x60, 0x42, 0x06, 0x8e, 0x7f, 0x7c, 0x7a, 0x76, 0x6e, 0x3f, 0xfc, 0x7a, 0x76, 0x6e, 0x5e, 
0x3e, 0xfe, 0x7e, 0x5f, 0x3c, 0xdb, 0x15, 0x89, 0x71, 0x41, 0xe1, 0x21, 0xc0, 0xe3, 0x44, 
0xeb, 0x54, 0x2a, 0xb7, 0xcd, 0xf9, 0x70, 0x62, 0x27, 0xad, 0xd8, 0x32, 0xc7, 0x0c, 0x7b, 
0x74, 0x4b, 0x14, 0xaa, 0xb7, 0xec, 0x3b, 0xd5, 0x28, 0xd2, 0x07, 0x6d, 0x39, 0xd1, 0x20, 
0xc2, 0xe7, 0x4c, 0x1a, 0x97, 0x8d, 0x98, 0xb2, 0xc7, 0x0c, 0x59, 0x28, 0xf3, 0x9b };

//================================================================================
//	PMW3360 Motion Sensor Module

// bascially do nothing here
PMW3360::PMW3360() 
{
}

// public
/* 
begin: initalize variables, prepare the sensor to be init.

# parameter
ss_pin: The arduino pin that is connected to slave select on the module.
CPI: initial CPI. optional.
*/
bool PMW3360::begin(unsigned int ss_pin, unsigned int CPI)
{
  _ss = ss_pin;
  _inBurst = false;
  pinMode(_ss, OUTPUT);
  digitalWrite(_ss, HIGH);

  SPI1.begin();
  // SPI.setDataMode(SPI_MODE3);
  // SPI.setBitOrder(MSBFIRST);

  // hard reset
  SPI_BEGIN;
  END_COM; BEGIN_COM; END_COM; // ensure that the serial port is reset

  adns_write_reg(REG_Shutdown, 0xb6); // Shutdown first
  SPI_END;
  delay(300);
  
  SPI_BEGIN;
  BEGIN_COM;
  delayMicroseconds(40);
  END_COM;
  delayMicroseconds(40);

  adns_write_reg(REG_Power_Up_Reset, 0x5a); // force reset
  SPI_END;
  delay(50); // wait for it to reboot
  
  SPI_BEGIN;
  // read registers 0x02 to 0x06 (and discard the data)
  adns_read_reg(REG_Motion);
  adns_read_reg(REG_Delta_X_L);
  adns_read_reg(REG_Delta_X_H);
  adns_read_reg(REG_Delta_Y_L);
  adns_read_reg(REG_Delta_Y_H);
  // upload the firmware
  adns_upload_firmware();
  //SPI.endTransaction();
  SPI_END;
  
  delay(10);
  setCPI(CPI);

  return check_signature();
}

// public
/* 
setCPI: set CPI level of the motion sensor.

# parameter
cpi: Count per Inch value
*/
void PMW3360::setCPI(unsigned int cpi)
{
  int cpival = constrain((cpi/100)-1, 0, 0x77); // limits to 0--119 
  //_CPI = (cpival + 1)*100;
  
  SPI_BEGIN;
  adns_write_reg(REG_Config1, cpival);
  SPI_END;
}

// public
/* 
getCPI: get CPI level of the motion sensor.

# retrun
cpi: Count per Inch value
*/
unsigned int PMW3360::getCPI()
{
  SPI_BEGIN;
  int cpival = adns_read_reg(REG_Config1);
  SPI_END;

  return (cpival + 1)*100;
}

// public
/* 
readBurst: get one frame of motion data. 

# retrun
type: PMW3360_DATA
*/
PMW3360_DATA PMW3360::readBurst()
{  
  unsigned long fromLast = micros() - _lastBurst;
  byte burstBuffer[12];
  
  SPI_BEGIN;
  
  if(!_inBurst || fromLast > 500*1000)
  {
    adns_write_reg(REG_Motion_Burst, 0x00);
    _inBurst = true;    
  }

  BEGIN_COM;
  SPI1.transfer(REG_Motion_Burst);    
  delayMicroseconds(35); // waits for tSRAD  

  SPI1.transfer(burstBuffer, 12); // read burst buffer
  delayMicroseconds(1); // tSCLK-NCS for read operation is 120ns

  END_COM;
  SPI_END;

  if(burstBuffer[0] & 0b111) // panic recovery, sometimes burst mode works weird.
  {
    _inBurst = false;
  }

  _lastBurst = micros();

  PMW3360_DATA data;

  bool motion = (burstBuffer[0] & 0x80) != 0;
  bool surface = (burstBuffer[0] & 0x08) == 0;   // 0 if on surface / 1 if off surface

  uint8_t xl = burstBuffer[2];    // dx LSB
  uint8_t xh = burstBuffer[3];    // dx MSB
  uint8_t yl = burstBuffer[4];    // dy LSB
  uint8_t yh = burstBuffer[5];    // dy MSB
  uint8_t sl = burstBuffer[10];   // shutter LSB
  uint8_t sh = burstBuffer[11];   // shutter MSB
  
  int x = xh<<8 | xl;
  int y = yh<<8 | yl;
  unsigned int shutter = sh<<8 | sl;

  data.isMotion = motion;
  data.isOnSurface = surface;
  data.dx = x;
  data.dy = y;
  data.SQUAL = burstBuffer[6];
  data.rawDataSum = burstBuffer[7];
  data.maxRawData = burstBuffer[8];
  data.minRawData = burstBuffer[9];
  data.shutter = shutter;

  return data;
}

// public
/* 
readReg: get one byte value from the given reg_addr.

# parameter
reg_addr: the register address
# retrun
byte value on the register.
*/
byte PMW3360::readReg(byte reg_addr)
{
  SPI_BEGIN;
  byte data = adns_read_reg(reg_addr);
  SPI_END;
  return data;
}

// public
/* 
writeReg: write one byte value to the given reg_addr.

# parameter
reg_addr: the register address
data: byte value to be pass to the register.
*/
void PMW3360::writeReg(byte reg_addr, byte data)
{
  SPI_BEGIN;
  adns_write_reg(reg_addr, data);
  SPI_END;
}

/* 
adns_read_reg: write one byte value to the given reg_addr.
*/
byte PMW3360::adns_read_reg(byte reg_addr) {
  if(reg_addr != REG_Motion_Burst)
  {
     _inBurst = false;
  }

  BEGIN_COM;
  // send adress of the register, with MSBit = 0 to indicate it's a read
  SPI1.transfer(reg_addr & 0x7f );
  delayMicroseconds(100); // tSRAD is 25, but 100us seems to be stable.
  // read data
  byte data = SPI1.transfer(0);

  END_COM;
  delayMicroseconds(19); //  tSRW/tSRR (=20us) minus tSCLK-NCS

  return data;
}

/* 
adns_write_reg: write one byte value to the given reg_addr
*/
void PMW3360::adns_write_reg(byte reg_addr, byte data) {
  if(reg_addr != REG_Motion_Burst)
  {
    _inBurst = false;
  }

  BEGIN_COM;
  //send adress of the register, with MSBit = 1 to indicate it's a write
  SPI1.transfer(reg_addr | 0x80 );
  //sent data
  SPI1.transfer(data);

  delayMicroseconds(20); // tSCLK-NCS for write operation
  END_COM;
  delayMicroseconds(100); // tSWW/tSWR (=120us) minus tSCLK-NCS. Could be shortened, but is looks like a safe lower bound
}

/* 
adns_upload_firmware: load SROM content to the motion sensor
*/
void PMW3360::adns_upload_firmware() {
  //Write 0 to Rest_En bit of Config2 register to disable Rest mode.
  adns_write_reg(REG_Config2, 0x00);

  // write 0x1d in SROM_enable reg for initializing
  adns_write_reg(REG_SROM_Enable, 0x1d);

  // wait for more than one frame period
  delay(10); // assume that the frame rate is as low as 100fps... even if it should never be that low

  // write 0x18 to SROM_enable to start SROM download
  adns_write_reg(REG_SROM_Enable, 0x18);

  // write the SROM file (=firmware data)
  
  BEGIN_COM;
  SPI1.transfer(REG_SROM_Load_Burst | 0x80); // write burst destination adress
  delayMicroseconds(15);

  // send all bytes of the firmware
  unsigned char c;
  for (int i = 0; i < firmware_length; i++) {
    c = (unsigned char)pgm_read_byte(firmware_data + i);
    SPI1.transfer(c);
    delayMicroseconds(15);
  }

  //Read the SROM_ID register to verify the ID before any other register reads or writes.
  adns_read_reg(REG_SROM_ID);

  //Write 0x00 (rest disable) to Config2 register for wired mouse or 0x20 for wireless mouse design. 
  adns_write_reg(REG_Config2, 0x00);

  END_COM;
}

/* 
check_signature: check whether SROM is successfully loaded

return: true if the rom is loaded correctly.
*/
bool PMW3360::check_signature() {
  SPI_BEGIN;
  
  byte pid = adns_read_reg(REG_Product_ID);
  byte iv_pid = adns_read_reg(REG_Inverse_Product_ID);
  byte SROM_ver = adns_read_reg(REG_SROM_ID);

  SPI_END;

  return (pid==0x42 && iv_pid == 0xBD && SROM_ver == 0x04); // signature for SROM 0x04
}

/* 
prepareImage: prepare a raw image capture from the snesor
*/
void PMW3360::prepareImage()
{
  SPI_BEGIN;

  adns_write_reg(REG_Config2, 0x00);

  adns_write_reg(REG_Frame_Capture, 0x83);
  adns_write_reg(REG_Frame_Capture, 0xc5);  

  delay(20);

  BEGIN_COM;
  SPI1.transfer(REG_Raw_Data_Burst & 0x7f);
  delayMicroseconds(20);  
}
/* 
readImagePixel: prepare a raw image capture from the snesor
*/
byte PMW3360::readImagePixel()
{
  byte pixel = SPI1.transfer(0);
  delayMicroseconds(20);

  return pixel;
}

void PMW3360::endImage()
{
  END_COM;
  SPI_END;
}

I also stumbled accros this thread: https://forum.pjrc.com/threads/58688-Teensy-4-0-Clock-speed-influences-delay-and-SPI
Could it be a similar problem but specific to SPI1 or is that not relevant.
 
I have finally found the problem it was related to the SPI.h library in teensy/avr/libraries. I stumbled on this thread https://github.com/KurtE/ILI9341_t3n/issues/20. In my SPI.h library atleast the first clock was selected:
Code:
		CCM_CBCMR_LPSPI_PODF(2) | CCM_CBCMR_LPSPI_CLK_SEL(1); // pg 714
		//CCM_CBCMR_LPSPI_PODF(6) | CCM_CBCMR_LPSPI_CLK_SEL(2); // pg 714
After changing it to
Code:
		//CCM_CBCMR_LPSPI_PODF(2) | CCM_CBCMR_LPSPI_CLK_SEL(1); // pg 714
		CCM_CBCMR_LPSPI_PODF(6) | CCM_CBCMR_LPSPI_CLK_SEL(2); // pg 714
It completely solved my problem not being able to use lower cpu clock speeds on SPI1. If anyone else has this problem with SPI1 please try to do this and see if it fixes it. I honestly dont know too much about all the stuff written in SPI.h I got quite lucky I guess that this worked for me.
 
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