Nobody really knows. So far, at least as far as I know, nobody has built such a board and confirmed whether it works.
NXP documents only a single JTAG ID on page 188 of the
reference manual. So odds seem likely the bootloader chip won't be able to tell the difference between the different temperature spec parts. I can confirm the chip clocks at only 396 MHz when the bootloader is in control, not 600 MHz, so you should be fine with the 528 MHz limit of that part. Of course, while working with code, be careful to set Tools > CPU Speed to 528 MHz or less. It will default to 600 MHz.
Truth is, I've never used the wide temperature parts. All I know is the info I've read. Sure looks like they're (probably) the exact same silicon, which NXP (maybe) tests different, and of course the one difference that doesn't take any guesswork is their price.
Really the only way to find out would be to build a couple boards and see if they work. PJRC does not have any of the other temperature specs parts, so with the long lead times, seems unlikely I'll manage to test it.