I'm trying to access the feasibility of a product idea. The device will ultimately output MIDI via a standard MIDI port. Is it possible to power the Teensy from a cable attached to the MIDI IN on a hardware synth?
I doubt there's enough power available -- MIDI just guarantees 5 mA (although usually provides more), and when connected to an optocoupler input (required for safety), you'll get less than that.
Because the signals are pulsed (serial data), power might not be present for relatively long times. If you could figure a way to boot the Teensy in a low power (low speed) mode, and keep it running with a low duty cycle, you might be able to parasite enough power, but it's complex.