Crash with new modulation parameter into AudioSynthWaveformModulated

Rolfdegen · Oct 6, 2023

Hallo Teensy Friends..

I added two new inputs for modulation parameters (par_A /par_b) into the oscillator code (AudioSynthWaveformModulated). When connecting to audio mixers, the system crashes when starting. Unfortunately, there are no exact instructions on how to integrate two new inputs into the oscillator.

AudioSynthWaveformModulated

Code:

void AudioSynthWaveformModulatedTS::update(void)
{
    audio_block_t *block, *moddata, *shapedata, *par_A, *par_B;
    // audio_block_t *block, *moddata, *shapedata;
    int16_t *bp, *end, *par_A_mod, *par_B_mod;
    int32_t val1, val2;
    int16_t magnitude15;
    uint32_t i, ph, index, index2, scale, priorphase;
    const uint32_t inc = phase_increment;
    uint32_t phase_spread;
    uint32_t saw_phase_increment;
    uint32_t increments[4];
    uint32_t ph_1;
    uint32_t ph_2;
    uint32_t ph_3;
    uint32_t ph_4;
    uint32_t ph_5;


    moddata = receiveReadOnly(0);
    shapedata = receiveReadOnly(1);
    par_A = receiveReadOnly(2); // new modulation parameter_A input
    par_B = receiveReadOnly(3); // new modulation parameter_B input


    if (syncFlag == 1)
    {
        phase_accumulator = 0;
        syncFlag = 0;
    }


    // Pre-compute the phase angle for every output sample of this update
    ph = phase_accumulator;
    priorphase = phasedata[AUDIO_BLOCK_SAMPLES - 1];
    if (moddata && modulation_type == 0)
    {


        // Frequency Modulation
        bp = moddata->data;


        // read two new Modulation parameter from AudioConnection into AudioPatching.h
        par_A_mod = par_A->data;
        par_B_mod = par_B->data;


        for (i = 0; i < AUDIO_BLOCK_SAMPLES; i++)
        {
            int32_t n = (*bp++) * modulation_factor; // n is # of octaves to mod
            int32_t ipart = n >> 27;                 // 4 integer bits
            n &= 0x7FFFFFF;                             // 27 fractional bits
#ifdef IMPROVE_EXPONENTIAL_ACCURACY
            // exp2 polynomial suggested by Stefan Stenzel on "music-dsp"
            // mail list, Wed, 3 Sep 2014 10:08:55 +0200
            int32_t x = n << 3;
            n = multiply_accumulate_32x32_rshift32_rounded(536870912, x, 1494202713);
            int32_t sq = multiply_32x32_rshift32_rounded(x, x);
            n = multiply_accumulate_32x32_rshift32_rounded(n, sq, 1934101615);
            n = n + (multiply_32x32_rshift32_rounded(sq,
                                                     multiply_32x32_rshift32_rounded(x, 1358044250))
                     << 1);
            n = n << 1;
#else
            // exp2 algorithm by Laurent de Soras
            // https://www.musicdsp.org/en/latest/Other/106-fast-exp2-approximation.html
            n = (n + 134217728) << 3;
            n = multiply_32x32_rshift32_rounded(n, n);
            n = multiply_32x32_rshift32_rounded(n, 715827883) << 3;
            n = n + 715827882;
#endif
            uint32_t scale = n >> (14 - ipart);
            uint64_t phstep = (uint64_t)inc * scale;
            uint32_t phstep_msw = phstep >> 32;
            if (phstep_msw < 0x7FFE)
            {
                ph += phstep >> 16;
            }
            else
            {
                ph += 0x7FFE0000;
            }
            phasedata[i] = ph;
        }
        release(moddata);
        release(par_A);
        release(par_B);
        par_a_mod_ = *par_A_mod; // save modulation data
        par_b_mod_ = *par_B_mod; // save modulation data
    }
    else if (moddata)
    {
        // Phase Modulation
        bp = moddata->data;
        for (i = 0; i < AUDIO_BLOCK_SAMPLES; i++)
        {
            // more than +/- 180 deg shift by 32 bit overflow of "n"
            uint32_t n = (uint16_t)(*bp++) * modulation_factor;
            phasedata[i] = ph + n;
            ph += inc;
        }
        release(moddata);
        release(par_A);
        release(par_B);
    }
    else
    {
        // No Modulation Input
        for (i = 0; i < AUDIO_BLOCK_SAMPLES; i++)
        {
            phasedata[i] = ph;
            ph += inc;
        }
    }


    phase_accumulator = ph;


    // Amplitude is always 1 on TSynth when oscillator is sounding
    // magnitude must be set to zero, otherwise digital noise comes through
    if (tone_type == WAVEFORM_SILENT)
    {
        magnitude = 0;
    }
    else
    {
        magnitude = 65536.0;
    }
    // If the amplitude is zero, no output, but phase still increments properly
    if (magnitude == 0)
    {
        if (shapedata)
            release(shapedata);
        return;
    }
    block = allocate();
    if (!block)
    {
        if (shapedata)
            release(shapedata);
        return;
    }
    bp = block->data;


    // Now generate the output samples using the pre-computed phase angles


    switch (tone_type)
    {

my Vowel tone_typ

Code:

// WaveformModulated Braids VOWEL ---------------------------------
    case WAVEFORM_BRAIDS_VOWEL:
        int32_t parameter_[2];
        uint16_t balance;
        uint16_t balance_;
        uint8_t vowel_index;
        uint16_t formant_shift;


        parameter_[0] = (osc_par_a << 8) + par_a_mod_;


        parameter_[1] = (osc_par_b << 8) + par_b_mod_;


        if (parameter_[0] >= 32768)
        {
            parameter_[0] = 32768;
        }
        if (parameter_[1] >= 32768)
        {
            parameter_[1] = 32768;
        }


        vowel_index = parameter_[0] >> 12;
        balance = parameter_[0] & 0x0fff;
        balance_ = 0x1000 - balance;
        // formant_shift = (440 + (parameter_[1] >> 5));
        formant_shift = (430 + (parameter_[1] >> 5));


        if (strike_)
        {
            strike_ = false;
            state_vow_consonant_frames = 160;
            uint16_t index = 0; // (Random::GetSample() + 1) & 7;
            for (size_t i = 0; i < 3; i++)
            {
                state_vow_formant_increment[i] = static_cast<uint32_t>(consonant_data[index].formant_frequency[i]) *
                                                 0x1000 * formant_shift;
                state_vow_formant_amplitude[i] = consonant_data[index].formant_amplitude[i];
            }
        }
        if (state_vow_consonant_frames)
        {
            --state_vow_consonant_frames;
        }
        else
        {
            for (size_t i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
            {
                state_vow_formant_increment[i] = (vowels_data[vowel_index].formant_frequency[i] *
                                                      balance_ +
                                                  vowels_data[vowel_index + 1].formant_frequency[i] * balance) *
                                                 formant_shift;
                state_vow_formant_amplitude[i] = (vowels_data[vowel_index].formant_amplitude[i] *
                                                      (balance_) +
                                                  vowels_data[vowel_index + 1].formant_amplitude[i] * balance) >>
                                                 12;
            }
        }


        uint32_t phase_;


        for (uint8_t i = 0; i < AUDIO_BLOCK_SAMPLES; i++)
        {
            phase_ = phasedata[i];
            size_t phaselet;
            int16_t sample = 0;


            for (size_t i = 0; i < 2; i++)
            {
                state_vow_formant_phase[i] += state_vow_formant_increment[i];
                phaselet = (state_vow_formant_phase[i] >> 24) & 0xf0;
                sample += wav_formant_sine[phaselet | state_vow_formant_amplitude[i]];
            }
            state_vow_formant_phase[2] += state_vow_formant_increment[2];
            phaselet = (state_vow_formant_phase[2] >> 24) & 0xf0;
            sample += wav_formant_square[phaselet | state_vow_formant_amplitude[2]];


            sample *= 255 - (phase_ >> 24);


            if (phase_ < phaseOld_)
            {
                state_vow_formant_phase[0] = 0;
                state_vow_formant_phase[1] = 0;
                state_vow_formant_phase[2] = 0;
                sample = 0;
            }
            phaseOld_ = phase_;


            float sample_f;
            sample_f = sample * 1.35f / 32768;
            // a = 1.5*a - 0.5 * a³  //should be converted to fixed point
            sample_f = 1.50f * sample_f - 0.5f * sample_f * sample_f * sample_f;
            sample = sample_f * 32768;
            *bp++ = ~(int16_t)((sample * magnitude) >> 16);
        }
        break;

My complete code on github https://github.com/rolfdegen/Jeannie-Open-source-Synthesizer/tree/main/Jeannie 2.74/src

Thanks a lot for help

Rolf

kd5rxt-mark · Oct 6, 2023

Add the following in your setup() function:

Code:

    while(!Serial) ;
    if (CrashReport)
      Serial.print(CrashReport);

See if that report provides any clues . . .

Mark J Culross
KD5RXT

Rolfdegen · Oct 6, 2023

Thanks... I get a message. But I don't understand the error!

CrashReport:
A problem occurred at (system time) 0:0:56
Code was executing from address 0x15F60
CFSR: 82
(DACCVIOL) Data Access Violation
(MMARVALID) Accessed Address: 0x2 (nullptr)
Check code at 0x15F60 - very likely a bug!
Run "addr2line -e mysketch.ino.elf 0x15F60" for filename & line number.
Temperature inside the chip was 51.98 °C
Startup CPU clock speed is 720MHz
Reboot was caused by auto reboot after fault or bad interrupt detected
Breadcrumb #1 was 4176084149 (0xF8E9FCB5)
Breadcrumb #3 was 4219502535 (0xFB807FC7)
Breadcrumb #4 was 1162895520 (0x455060A0)
Breadcrumb #5 was 908734013 (0x362A2E3D)
Breadcrumb #6 was 3272016912 (0xC3070410)
---- Closed serial port COM5 due to disconnection from the machine ----

Could it be that I have too many AudioConnections? I added 32 mixers for the oscillator modulation (4x per voice). Then the problems started.

Code:

// Teensy AudioPatching.h


AudioSynthWaveformDc     constant1Dc;    //xy=69.5,437
AudioSynthWaveformDc     pitchBend;      //xy=128,74
AudioSynthWaveformDc     pwa;            //xy=107,256
AudioSynthWaveformDc     pwb;            //xy=110,301
AudioSynthWaveformDc     AtouchDc;       //xy=110,302
AudioSynthWaveformDc     DC_FilterModCC; //xy=110,306
AudioSynthWaveformDc     DC_FilterModwheel; //xy=110,306


AudioSynthWaveformDc     FilterVelo1;    //xy=69.5,437
AudioSynthWaveformDc     FilterVelo2;    //xy=69.5,437
AudioSynthWaveformDc     FilterVelo3;    //xy=69.5,437
AudioSynthWaveformDc     FilterVelo4;    //xy=69.5,437
AudioSynthWaveformDc     FilterVelo5;    //xy=69.5,437
AudioSynthWaveformDc     FilterVelo6;    //xy=69.5,437
AudioSynthWaveformDc     FilterVelo7;    //xy=69.5,437
AudioSynthWaveformDc     FilterVelo8;    //xy=69.5,437


AudioSynthWaveformDc     glide[8];          //xy=124,152


AudioSynthWaveformDc     keytracking1;    //xy=176,745
AudioSynthWaveformDc     keytracking2;    //xy=196,745
AudioSynthWaveformDc     keytracking3;    //xy=216,745
AudioSynthWaveformDc     keytracking4;    //xy=236,745
AudioSynthWaveformDc     keytracking5;    //xy=216,745
AudioSynthWaveformDc     keytracking6;    //xy=236,745
AudioSynthWaveformDc     keytracking7;    //xy=176,745
AudioSynthWaveformDc     keytracking8;    //xy=196,745


AudioSynthWaveformDc     LFO3ModMixer1Dc;    //xy=69.5,437
AudioSynthWaveformDc     LFOoscPrmDC;


AudioSynthWaveformModulatedTS waveformModa[8];  //xy=503,170  Osc1
AudioSynthWaveformModulatedTS waveformModb[8];  //xy=507,114  Osc2


AudioSynthNoisePink      pink;                //xy=268,349
AudioSynthNoiseWhite     white;                //xy=268,359
AudioSynthWaveformTS     pwmLfoA;            //xy=92,208
AudioSynthWaveformTS     pwmLfoB;            //xy=92,208
AudioSynthWaveformTS     pitchLfo;            //xy=122,111
AudioSynthWaveformTS     filterLfo;         //xy=166,632
AudioSynthWaveformTS     ModLfo3;            //xy=166,633


AudioEffectMultiply      multiply1;            //xy=166,634
AudioEffectMultiply      multiply2;
AudioEffectMultiply      multiplyRing[8];


AudioAmplifier           AtouchModAmp1;
AudioAmplifier           AtouchModAmp2;
AudioAmplifier           AtouchModAmp3;
AudioAmplifier           AtouchModAmp4;


AudioEffectEnvelope      LFO1Envelope[8];
AudioEffectEnvelope      LFO2Envelope[8];
AudioEffectEnvelope      LFO3EnvelopeAmp;
AudioEffectEnvelope      filterEnvelope[8];


AudioMixer4              pwMixer1a;       //xy=281,169
AudioMixer4              pwMixer1b;       //xy=287,272
AudioMixer4              pwMixer2a;         //xy=323.75,472.75
AudioMixer4              pwMixer2b;         //xy=323.75,553.75
AudioMixer4              pwMixer3a;         //xy=353.75,688.75
AudioMixer4              pwMixer3b;         //xy=358.75,763.75
AudioMixer4              pwMixer4b;         //xy=313.75,954.75
AudioMixer4              pwMixer4a;         //xy=314.75,887.75
AudioMixer4              pwMixer5a;         //xy=323.75,472.75
AudioMixer4              pwMixer5b;         //xy=323.75,553.75
AudioMixer4              pwMixer6a;         //xy=353.75,688.75
AudioMixer4              pwMixer6b;         //xy=358.75,763.75
AudioMixer4              pwMixer7a;            //xy=281,169
AudioMixer4              pwMixer7b;            //xy=287,272
AudioMixer4              pwMixer8b;         //xy=313.75,954.75
AudioMixer4              pwMixer8a;         //xy=314.75,887.75


AudioMixer4              noiseMixer;       //xy=288,369


AudioMixer4              oscGlobalModMixer1;    //xy=296,95
AudioMixer4              oscGlobalModMixer2;    //xy=296,95
AudioMixer4              oscGlobalModMixer3;    //xy=296,95
AudioMixer4              oscGlobalModMixer4;    //xy=296,95
AudioMixer4              oscGlobalModMixer5;    //xy=296,95
AudioMixer4              oscGlobalModMixer6;    //xy=296,95
AudioMixer4              oscGlobalModMixer7;    //xy=296,95
AudioMixer4              oscGlobalModMixer8;    //xy=296,95
AudioMixer4              oscModMixer1a;         //xy=550,165
AudioMixer4              oscModMixer1b;         //xy=550,195
AudioMixer4              oscModMixer2a;         //xy=550,205
AudioMixer4              oscModMixer2b;         //xy=550,225
AudioMixer4              oscModMixer3a;         //xy=550,245
AudioMixer4              oscModMixer3b;         //xy=550,265
AudioMixer4              oscModMixer4a;         //xy=550,285
AudioMixer4              oscModMixer4b;         //xy=550,305
AudioMixer4              oscModMixer5a;         //xy=550,245
AudioMixer4              oscModMixer5b;         //xy=550,265
AudioMixer4              oscModMixer6a;         //xy=550,285
AudioMixer4              oscModMixer6b;         //xy=550,305
AudioMixer4              oscModMixer7a;         //xy=550,165
AudioMixer4              oscModMixer7b;         //xy=550,195
AudioMixer4              oscModMixer8a;         //xy=550,205
AudioMixer4              oscModMixer8b;         //xy=550,225
AudioMixer4              LFO1envModMixer1;      //xy=550,225
AudioMixer4              LFO1envModMixer2;      //xy=550,225
AudioMixer4                 LFO3ModMixer1;
AudioMixer4              voiceMixer1a;
AudioMixer4              voiceMixer1b;
AudioMixer4              voiceMixer2a;
AudioMixer4              voiceMixer2b;
AudioMixer4              voiceMixerM1;
AudioMixer4              voiceMixerM2;
AudioMixer4              ScopePeakMixer;
AudioMixer4              oscFxMix1;
AudioMixer4              oscFxMix2;
AudioMixer4              oscFxMix3;
AudioMixer4              oscFxMix4;
AudioMixer4              oscFxMix5;
AudioMixer4              oscFxMix6;
AudioMixer4              oscFxMix7;
AudioMixer4              oscFxMix8;


AudioEffectDigitalCombine oscEffect[8];       //xy=663,223




AudioMixer4              waveformMixer1; //xy=824,170
AudioMixer4              waveformMixer2; //xy=829,476
AudioMixer4              waveformMixer3; //xy=846,774
AudioMixer4              waveformMixer4; //xy=854,1023
AudioMixer4              waveformMixer5; //xy=846,774
AudioMixer4              waveformMixer6; //xy=854,1023
AudioMixer4              waveformMixer7; //xy=824,170
AudioMixer4              waveformMixer8; //xy=829,476


AudioMixer4              filterModMixer_a[8];


AudioMixer4              filterModMixer1b;   //xy=845,292
AudioMixer4              filterModMixer2b;   //xy=848,637
AudioMixer4              filterModMixer3b;   //xy=852,937
AudioMixer4              filterModMixer4b;   //xy=855,1099
AudioMixer4              filterModMixer5b;   //xy=852,937
AudioMixer4              filterModMixer6b;   //xy=855,1099
AudioMixer4              filterModMixer7b;   //xy=845,292
AudioMixer4              filterModMixer8b;   //xy=848,637


AudioMixer4              filterModMixAtCC1;   //xy=848,637
AudioMixer4              filterModMixAtCC2;   //xy=848,637
AudioMixer4              filterModMixAtCC3;   //xy=848,637
AudioMixer4              filterModMixAtCC4;   //xy=848,637
AudioMixer4              filterModMixAtCC5;   //xy=848,637
AudioMixer4              filterModMixAtCC6;   //xy=848,637
AudioMixer4              filterModMixAtCC7;   //xy=848,637
AudioMixer4              filterModMixAtCC8;   //xy=848,637




AudioMixer4              LFO2mix1;
AudioMixer4              LFO2mix2;
AudioMixer4              LFO2mix3;
AudioMixer4              LFO2mix4;
AudioMixer4              LFO2mix5;
AudioMixer4              LFO2mix6;
AudioMixer4              LFO2mix7;
AudioMixer4              LFO2mix8;


AudioFilterStateVariable filter1;        //xy=1000,210
AudioFilterStateVariable filter2;        //xy=994,498
AudioFilterStateVariable filter3;        //xy=1002,822
AudioFilterStateVariable filter4;        //xy=1022,1047
AudioFilterStateVariable filter5;        //xy=1002,822
AudioFilterStateVariable filter6;        //xy=1022,1047
AudioFilterStateVariable filter7;        //xy=994,498
AudioFilterStateVariable filter8;        //xy=1000,210


AudioFilterLadder filter2_1;        //xy=1000,210
AudioFilterLadder filter2_2;        //xy=994,498
AudioFilterLadder filter2_3;        //xy=1002,822
AudioFilterLadder filter2_4;        //xy=1022,1047
AudioFilterLadder filter2_5;        //xy=1002,822
AudioFilterLadder filter2_6;        //xy=1022,1047
AudioFilterLadder filter2_7;        //xy=994,498
AudioFilterLadder filter2_8;        //xy=1000,210    


AudioFilterStateVariable AtouchFilter;         //xy=1564,581
AudioFilterStateVariable FilterModCC;         //xy=1564,583
AudioFilterStateVariable hpFilter1; 
AudioFilterStateVariable hpFilter2; 


AudioMixer4                filterMixer101;


AudioMixer4              filterMixer1;   //xy=1151,214
AudioMixer4              filterMixer2;   //xy=1144,504
AudioMixer4              filterMixer3;   //xy=1144,825
AudioMixer4              filterMixer4;   //xy=1155,1050
AudioMixer4              filterMixer5;   //xy=1151,214
AudioMixer4              filterMixer6;   //xy=1155,1050
AudioMixer4              filterMixer7;   //xy=1144,504
AudioMixer4              filterMixer8;   //xy=1144,825
AudioMixer4              Lfo3Mixer;            //xy=1144,825
AudioMixer4              LadderMixer1;


// Modulation mixer Osc Parameter_A/B
AudioMixer4              Osc_Prm_mixer_A[8];
AudioMixer4                 Osc_Prm_mixer_B[8];
AudioMixer4              Osc_Prm_mixer_C[8];
AudioMixer4                 Osc_Prm_mixer_D[8];
AudioMixer4                 LFO2oscParModmixer;
AudioMixer4                 LFO3oscParModmixer;




AudioAmplifier           WaveshaperAmp[8];        //xy=1145,825
AudioAmplifier             osc1aFMamp;            //xy=1145,833


AudioEffectWaveshaper     waveshaper[8];            //xy=638,301


AudioEffectEnvelope      ampEnvelope[8];




AudioAnalyzePeak         peak;
Oscilloscope             scope;
AudioOutputI2S             PCM5102A;






// AudioSynthWaveformDc -------------------------------------------------
AudioConnection          patchCord1(constant1Dc, filterEnvelope[0]);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord2(constant1Dc, filterEnvelope[1]);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord3(constant1Dc, filterEnvelope[2]);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord4(constant1Dc, filterEnvelope[3]);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord5(constant1Dc, filterEnvelope[4]);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord6(constant1Dc, filterEnvelope[5]);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord7(constant1Dc, filterEnvelope[6]);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord8(constant1Dc, filterEnvelope[7]);    // ok


AudioConnection          patchCord20(pwa, 0, pwMixer1a, 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord21(pwa, 0, pwMixer2a, 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord22(pwa, 0, pwMixer3a, 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord23(pwa, 0, pwMixer4a, 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord24(pwa, 0, pwMixer5a, 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord25(pwa, 0, pwMixer6a, 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord26(pwa, 0, pwMixer7a, 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord27(pwa, 0, pwMixer8a, 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord28(pwb, 0, pwMixer1b, 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord29(pwb, 0, pwMixer2b, 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord30(pwb, 0, pwMixer3b, 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord31(pwb, 0, pwMixer4b, 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord32(pwb, 0, pwMixer5b, 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord33(pwb, 0, pwMixer6b, 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord34(pwb, 0, pwMixer7b, 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord35(pwb, 0, pwMixer8b, 1);    // ok


AudioConnection          patchCord40(pitchBend, 0, oscGlobalModMixer1, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord41(pitchBend, 0, oscGlobalModMixer2, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord42(pitchBend, 0, oscGlobalModMixer3, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord43(pitchBend, 0, oscGlobalModMixer4, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord44(pitchBend, 0, oscGlobalModMixer5, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord45(pitchBend, 0, oscGlobalModMixer6, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord46(pitchBend, 0, oscGlobalModMixer7, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord47(pitchBend, 0, oscGlobalModMixer8, 0);    // ok


AudioConnection          patchCord50(keytracking1, 0, filterModMixer_a[0], 2);
AudioConnection          patchCord51(keytracking2, 0, filterModMixer_a[1], 2);
AudioConnection          patchCord52(keytracking3, 0, filterModMixer_a[2], 2);
AudioConnection          patchCord53(keytracking4, 0, filterModMixer_a[3], 2);
AudioConnection          patchCord54(keytracking5, 0, filterModMixer_a[4], 2);
AudioConnection          patchCord55(keytracking6, 0, filterModMixer_a[5], 2);
AudioConnection          patchCord56(keytracking7, 0, filterModMixer_a[6], 2);
AudioConnection          patchCord57(keytracking8, 0, filterModMixer_a[7], 2);


AudioConnection          patchCord70(FilterVelo1, 0, filterModMixer_a[0], 3);
AudioConnection          patchCord71(FilterVelo2, 0, filterModMixer_a[1], 3);
AudioConnection          patchCord72(FilterVelo3, 0, filterModMixer_a[2], 3);
AudioConnection          patchCord73(FilterVelo4, 0, filterModMixer_a[3], 3);
AudioConnection          patchCord74(FilterVelo5, 0, filterModMixer_a[4], 3);
AudioConnection          patchCord75(FilterVelo6, 0, filterModMixer_a[5], 3);
AudioConnection          patchCord76(FilterVelo7, 0, filterModMixer_a[6], 3);
AudioConnection          patchCord77(FilterVelo8, 0, filterModMixer_a[7], 3);


AudioConnection          patchCord78(waveformModa[0], 0, filterModMixer1b, 1);    // OSC1 > Cutoff
AudioConnection          patchCord79(waveformModa[1], 0, filterModMixer2b, 1);
AudioConnection          patchCord80(waveformModa[2], 0, filterModMixer3b, 1);
AudioConnection          patchCord81(waveformModa[3], 0, filterModMixer4b, 1);
AudioConnection          patchCord82(waveformModa[4], 0, filterModMixer5b, 1);
AudioConnection          patchCord83(waveformModa[5], 0, filterModMixer6b, 1);
AudioConnection          patchCord84(waveformModa[6], 0, filterModMixer7b, 1);
AudioConnection          patchCord85(waveformModa[7], 0, filterModMixer8b, 1);


AudioConnection          patchCord1078(waveformModb[0], 0, filterModMixer1b, 2);    // OSC2 > Cutoff
AudioConnection          patchCord1079(waveformModb[1], 0, filterModMixer2b, 2);
AudioConnection          patchCord1080(waveformModb[2], 0, filterModMixer3b, 2);
AudioConnection          patchCord1081(waveformModb[3], 0, filterModMixer4b, 2);
AudioConnection          patchCord1082(waveformModb[4], 0, filterModMixer5b, 2);
AudioConnection          patchCord1083(waveformModb[5], 0, filterModMixer6b, 2);
AudioConnection          patchCord1084(waveformModb[6], 0, filterModMixer7b, 2);
AudioConnection          patchCord1085(waveformModb[7], 0, filterModMixer8b, 2);


AudioConnection          patchCord86(filterModMixer_a[0], 0, filterModMixer1b, 0);    
AudioConnection          patchCord87(filterModMixer_a[1], 0, filterModMixer2b, 0);    
AudioConnection          patchCord88(filterModMixer_a[2], 0, filterModMixer3b, 0);    
AudioConnection          patchCord89(filterModMixer_a[3], 0, filterModMixer4b, 0);    
AudioConnection          patchCord90(filterModMixer_a[4], 0, filterModMixer5b, 0);    
AudioConnection          patchCord91(filterModMixer_a[5], 0, filterModMixer6b, 0);    
AudioConnection          patchCord92(filterModMixer_a[6], 0, filterModMixer7b, 0);    
AudioConnection          patchCord93(filterModMixer_a[7], 0, filterModMixer8b, 0);    




// AudioSynthWaveformModulatedTS ----------------------------------------
AudioConnection          patchCord201(waveformModa[0], 0, waveformMixer1, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord202(waveformModa[1], 0, waveformMixer2, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord203(waveformModa[2], 0, waveformMixer3, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord204(waveformModa[3], 0, waveformMixer4, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord205(waveformModa[4], 0, waveformMixer5, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord206(waveformModa[5], 0, waveformMixer6, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord207(waveformModa[6], 0, waveformMixer7, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord208(waveformModa[7], 0, waveformMixer8, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord209(waveformModb[0], 0, waveformMixer1, 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord210(waveformModb[1], 0, waveformMixer2, 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord211(waveformModb[2], 0, waveformMixer3, 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord212(waveformModb[3], 0, waveformMixer4, 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord213(waveformModb[4], 0, waveformMixer5, 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord214(waveformModb[5], 0, waveformMixer6, 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord215(waveformModb[6], 0, waveformMixer7, 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord216(waveformModb[7], 0, waveformMixer8, 1);    // ok


AudioConnection          patchCord251(waveformModa[0], 0, oscModMixer1b, 3);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord252(waveformModa[1], 0, oscModMixer2b, 3);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord253(waveformModa[2], 0, oscModMixer3b, 3);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord254(waveformModa[3], 0, oscModMixer4b, 3);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord255(waveformModa[4], 0, oscModMixer5b, 3);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord256(waveformModa[5], 0, oscModMixer6b, 3);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord257(waveformModa[6], 0, oscModMixer7b, 3);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord258(waveformModa[7], 0, oscModMixer8b, 3);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord259(waveformModb[0], 0, oscModMixer1a, 3);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord260(waveformModb[1], 0, oscModMixer2a, 3);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord261(waveformModb[2], 0, oscModMixer3a, 3);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord262(waveformModb[3], 0, oscModMixer4a, 3);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord263(waveformModb[4], 0, oscModMixer5a, 3);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord264(waveformModb[5], 0, oscModMixer6a, 3);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord265(waveformModb[6], 0, oscModMixer7a, 3);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord266(waveformModb[7], 0, oscModMixer8a, 3);    // ok




/*
// LFO3 modulated Osc parameter_a/b
AudioConnection  LFO3oscPrmMod1(LFOoscPrmDC, 0, LFO3oscParModmixer, 0);
AudioConnection  LFO3oscPrmMod2(LFO2Envelope[0], 0, LFO3oscParModmixer, 1);
*/


// Mixer for Modulation parameter A/B
AudioConnection Lfo2OscPrmMixerA[8] = {
    {LFO2Envelope[0], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_A[0], 0},
    {LFO2Envelope[1], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_A[1], 0},
    {LFO2Envelope[2], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_A[2], 0},
    {LFO2Envelope[3], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_A[3], 0},
    {LFO2Envelope[4], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_A[4], 0},
    {LFO2Envelope[5], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_A[5], 0},
    {LFO2Envelope[6], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_A[6], 0},
    {LFO2Envelope[7], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_A[7], 0},
};
AudioConnection Lfo2OscPrmMixerB[8] = {
    {LFO2Envelope[0], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_B[0], 0},
    {LFO2Envelope[1], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_B[1], 0},
    {LFO2Envelope[2], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_B[2], 0},
    {LFO2Envelope[3], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_B[3], 0},
    {LFO2Envelope[4], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_B[4], 0},
    {LFO2Envelope[5], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_B[5], 0},
    {LFO2Envelope[6], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_B[6], 0},
    {LFO2Envelope[7], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_B[7], 0},
};
AudioConnection Lfo2OscPrmMixerC[8] = {
    {LFO2Envelope[0], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_C[0], 0},
    {LFO2Envelope[1], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_C[1], 0},
    {LFO2Envelope[2], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_C[2], 0},
    {LFO2Envelope[3], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_C[3], 0},
    {LFO2Envelope[4], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_C[4], 0},
    {LFO2Envelope[5], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_C[5], 0},
    {LFO2Envelope[6], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_C[6], 0},
    {LFO2Envelope[7], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_C[7], 0},
};
AudioConnection Lfo2OscPrmMixerD[8] = {
    {LFO2Envelope[0], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_D[0], 0},
    {LFO2Envelope[1], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_D[1], 0},
    {LFO2Envelope[2], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_D[2], 0},
    {LFO2Envelope[3], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_D[3], 0},
    {LFO2Envelope[4], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_D[4], 0},
    {LFO2Envelope[5], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_D[5], 0},
    {LFO2Envelope[6], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_D[6], 0},
    {LFO2Envelope[7], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_D[7], 0},
};




AudioConnection Lfo3OscPrmMixerA[8] = {
    {ModLfo3, 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_A[0], 1},
    {ModLfo3, 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_A[1], 1},
    {ModLfo3, 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_A[2], 1},
    {ModLfo3, 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_A[3], 1},
    {ModLfo3, 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_A[4], 1},
    {ModLfo3, 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_A[5], 1},
    {ModLfo3, 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_A[6], 1},
    {ModLfo3, 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_A[7], 1},
};


AudioConnection Lfo3OscPrmMixerB[8] = {
    {ModLfo3, 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_B[0], 1},
    {ModLfo3, 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_B[1], 1},
    {ModLfo3, 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_B[2], 1},
    {ModLfo3, 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_B[3], 1},
    {ModLfo3, 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_B[4], 1},
    {ModLfo3, 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_B[5], 1},
    {ModLfo3, 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_B[6], 1},
    {ModLfo3, 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_B[7], 1},
};
AudioConnection Lfo3OscPrmMixerC[8] = {
    {ModLfo3, 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_C[0], 1},
    {ModLfo3, 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_C[1], 1},
    {ModLfo3, 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_C[2], 1},
    {ModLfo3, 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_C[3], 1},
    {ModLfo3, 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_C[4], 1},
    {ModLfo3, 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_C[5], 1},
    {ModLfo3, 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_C[6], 1},
    {ModLfo3, 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_C[7], 1},
};
AudioConnection Lfo3OscPrmMixerD[8] = {
    {ModLfo3, 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_D[0], 1},
    {ModLfo3, 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_D[1], 1},
    {ModLfo3, 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_D[2], 1},
    {ModLfo3, 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_D[3], 1},
    {ModLfo3, 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_D[4], 1},
    {ModLfo3, 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_D[5], 1},
    {ModLfo3, 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_D[6], 1},
    {ModLfo3, 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_D[7], 1},
};


AudioConnection filterEnvelope_PrmMixerA[8] = {
    {filterEnvelope[0], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_A[0], 2},
    {filterEnvelope[1], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_A[1], 2},
    {filterEnvelope[2], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_A[2], 2},
    {filterEnvelope[3], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_A[3], 2},
    {filterEnvelope[4], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_A[4], 2},
    {filterEnvelope[5], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_A[5], 2},
    {filterEnvelope[6], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_A[6], 2},
    {filterEnvelope[7], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_A[7], 2},
};
AudioConnection filterEnvelope_PrmMixerB[8] = {
    {filterEnvelope[0], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_B[0], 2},
    {filterEnvelope[1], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_B[1], 2},
    {filterEnvelope[2], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_B[2], 2},
    {filterEnvelope[3], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_B[3], 2},
    {filterEnvelope[4], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_B[4], 2},
    {filterEnvelope[5], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_B[5], 2},
    {filterEnvelope[6], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_B[6], 2},
    {filterEnvelope[7], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_B[7], 2},
};
AudioConnection filterEnvelope_PrmMixerC[8] = {
    {filterEnvelope[0], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_C[0], 2},
    {filterEnvelope[1], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_C[1], 2},
    {filterEnvelope[2], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_C[2], 2},
    {filterEnvelope[3], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_C[3], 2},
    {filterEnvelope[4], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_C[4], 2},
    {filterEnvelope[5], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_C[5], 2},
    {filterEnvelope[6], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_C[6], 2},
    {filterEnvelope[7], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_C[7], 2},
};
AudioConnection filterEnvelope_PrmMixerD[8] = {
    {filterEnvelope[0], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_D[0], 2},
    {filterEnvelope[1], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_D[1], 2},
    {filterEnvelope[2], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_D[2], 2},
    {filterEnvelope[3], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_D[3], 2},
    {filterEnvelope[4], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_D[4], 2},
    {filterEnvelope[5], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_D[5], 2},
    {filterEnvelope[6], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_D[6], 2},
    {filterEnvelope[7], 0, Osc_Prm_mixer_D[7], 2},
};


AudioConnection PrmMixerA_OscPrmA[8] = {
    {Osc_Prm_mixer_A[0], 0, waveformModa[0], 2},
    {Osc_Prm_mixer_A[1], 0, waveformModa[1], 2},
    {Osc_Prm_mixer_A[2], 0, waveformModa[2], 2},
    {Osc_Prm_mixer_A[3], 0, waveformModa[3], 2},
    {Osc_Prm_mixer_A[4], 0, waveformModa[4], 2},
    {Osc_Prm_mixer_A[5], 0, waveformModa[5], 2},
    {Osc_Prm_mixer_A[6], 0, waveformModa[6], 2},
    {Osc_Prm_mixer_A[7], 0, waveformModa[7], 2},
};
AudioConnection PrmMixerB_OscPrmB[8] = {
    {Osc_Prm_mixer_B[0], 0, waveformModa[0], 3},
    {Osc_Prm_mixer_B[1], 0, waveformModa[1], 3},
    {Osc_Prm_mixer_B[2], 0, waveformModa[2], 3},
    {Osc_Prm_mixer_B[3], 0, waveformModa[3], 3},
    {Osc_Prm_mixer_B[4], 0, waveformModa[4], 3},
    {Osc_Prm_mixer_B[5], 0, waveformModa[5], 3},
    {Osc_Prm_mixer_B[6], 0, waveformModa[6], 3},
    {Osc_Prm_mixer_B[7], 0, waveformModa[7], 3},
};
AudioConnection PrmMixerC_OscPrmA[8] = {
    {Osc_Prm_mixer_C[0], 0, waveformModb[0], 2},
    {Osc_Prm_mixer_C[1], 0, waveformModb[1], 2},
    {Osc_Prm_mixer_C[2], 0, waveformModb[2], 2},
    {Osc_Prm_mixer_C[3], 0, waveformModb[3], 2},
    {Osc_Prm_mixer_C[4], 0, waveformModb[4], 2},
    {Osc_Prm_mixer_C[5], 0, waveformModb[5], 2},
    {Osc_Prm_mixer_C[6], 0, waveformModb[6], 2},
    {Osc_Prm_mixer_C[7], 0, waveformModb[7], 2},
};
AudioConnection PrmMixerD_OscPrmb[8] = {
    {Osc_Prm_mixer_D[0], 0, waveformModb[0], 3},
    {Osc_Prm_mixer_D[1], 0, waveformModb[1], 3},
    {Osc_Prm_mixer_D[2], 0, waveformModb[2], 3},
    {Osc_Prm_mixer_D[3], 0, waveformModb[3], 3},
    {Osc_Prm_mixer_D[4], 0, waveformModb[4], 3},
    {Osc_Prm_mixer_D[5], 0, waveformModb[5], 3},
    {Osc_Prm_mixer_D[6], 0, waveformModb[6], 3},
    {Osc_Prm_mixer_D[7], 0, waveformModb[7], 3},
};


AudioConnection OscEffect_connections[32] = {
    {waveformModa[0], 0, oscEffect[0], 0},
    {waveformModa[1], 0, oscEffect[1], 0},
    {waveformModa[2], 0, oscEffect[2], 0},
    {waveformModa[3], 0, oscEffect[3], 0},
    {waveformModa[4], 0, oscEffect[4], 0},
    {waveformModa[5], 0, oscEffect[5], 0},
    {waveformModa[6], 0, oscEffect[6], 0},
    {waveformModa[7], 0, oscEffect[7], 0},
    {waveformModb[0], 0, oscEffect[0], 1},
    {waveformModb[1], 0, oscEffect[1], 1},
    {waveformModb[2], 0, oscEffect[2], 1},
    {waveformModb[3], 0, oscEffect[3], 1},
    {waveformModb[4], 0, oscEffect[4], 1},
    {waveformModb[5], 0, oscEffect[5], 1},
    {waveformModb[6], 0, oscEffect[6], 1},
    {waveformModb[7], 0, oscEffect[7], 1},
    {waveformModa[0], 0, multiplyRing[0], 0},
    {waveformModa[1], 0, multiplyRing[1], 0},
    {waveformModa[2], 0, multiplyRing[2], 0},
    {waveformModa[3], 0, multiplyRing[3], 0},
    {waveformModa[4], 0, multiplyRing[4], 0},
    {waveformModa[5], 0, multiplyRing[5], 0},
    {waveformModa[6], 0, multiplyRing[6], 0},
    {waveformModa[7], 0, multiplyRing[7], 0},
    {waveformModb[0], 0, multiplyRing[0], 1},
    {waveformModb[1], 0, multiplyRing[1], 1},
    {waveformModb[2], 0, multiplyRing[2], 1},
    {waveformModb[3], 0, multiplyRing[3], 1},
    {waveformModb[4], 0, multiplyRing[4], 1},
    {waveformModb[5], 0, multiplyRing[5], 1},
    {waveformModb[6], 0, multiplyRing[6], 1},
    {waveformModb[7], 0, multiplyRing[7], 1}
};


AudioConnection OscGlide_connections[16] = {
    {glide[0], 0, oscModMixer1a, 2},
    {glide[0], 0, oscModMixer1b, 2},
    {glide[1], 0, oscModMixer2a, 2},
    {glide[1], 0, oscModMixer2b, 2},
    {glide[2], 0, oscModMixer3a, 2},
    {glide[2], 0, oscModMixer3b, 2},
    {glide[3], 0, oscModMixer4a, 2},
    {glide[3], 0, oscModMixer4b, 2},
    {glide[4], 0, oscModMixer5a, 2},
    {glide[4], 0, oscModMixer5b, 2},
    {glide[5], 0, oscModMixer6a, 2},
    {glide[5], 0, oscModMixer6b, 2},
    {glide[6], 0, oscModMixer7a, 2},
    {glide[6], 0, oscModMixer7b, 2},
    {glide[7], 0, oscModMixer8a, 2},
    {glide[7], 0, oscModMixer8b, 2}
};


// AudioSynthWaveformTS -------------------------------------------------
AudioConnection          patchCord351(pwmLfoA, 0, pwMixer1a, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord352(pwmLfoB, 0, pwMixer1b, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord353(pwmLfoA, 0, pwMixer2a, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord354(pwmLfoB, 0, pwMixer2b, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord355(pwmLfoA, 0, pwMixer3a, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord356(pwmLfoB, 0, pwMixer3b, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord357(pwmLfoA, 0, pwMixer4a, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord358(pwmLfoB, 0, pwMixer4b, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord359(pwmLfoA, 0, pwMixer5a, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord360(pwmLfoB, 0, pwMixer5b, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord361(pwmLfoA, 0, pwMixer6a, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord362(pwmLfoB, 0, pwMixer6b, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord363(pwmLfoA, 0, pwMixer7a, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord364(pwmLfoB, 0, pwMixer7b, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord365(pwmLfoA, 0, pwMixer8a, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord366(pwmLfoB, 0, pwMixer8b, 0);    // ok


AudioConnection          patchCord417(LFO2mix1, 0, filterModMixer_a[0], 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord418(LFO2mix2, 0, filterModMixer_a[1], 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord419(LFO2mix3, 0, filterModMixer_a[2], 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord421(LFO2mix4, 0, filterModMixer_a[3], 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord422(LFO2mix5, 0, filterModMixer_a[4], 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord423(LFO2mix6, 0, filterModMixer_a[5], 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord424(LFO2mix7, 0, filterModMixer_a[6], 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord425(LFO2mix8, 0, filterModMixer_a[7], 1);    // ok


AudioConnection filterLfo_connections[16] = {
    {filterLfo, 0, LFO2Envelope[0], 0},
    {filterLfo, 0, LFO2Envelope[1], 0},
    {filterLfo, 0, LFO2Envelope[2], 0},
    {filterLfo, 0, LFO2Envelope[3], 0},
    {filterLfo, 0, LFO2Envelope[4], 0},
    {filterLfo, 0, LFO2Envelope[5], 0},
    {filterLfo, 0, LFO2Envelope[6], 0},
    {filterLfo, 0, LFO2Envelope[7], 0},
    {filterLfo, 0, LFO2mix1, 1},
    {filterLfo, 0, LFO2mix2, 1},
    {filterLfo, 0, LFO2mix3, 1},
    {filterLfo, 0, LFO2mix4, 1},
    {filterLfo, 0, LFO2mix5, 1},
    {filterLfo, 0, LFO2mix6, 1},
    {filterLfo, 0, LFO2mix7, 1},
    {filterLfo, 0, LFO2mix8, 1}
};


AudioConnection pitchLFO_connections[16] = {
    {pitchLfo, 0, LFO1Envelope[0], 0},
    {pitchLfo, 0, LFO1Envelope[1], 0},
    {pitchLfo, 0, LFO1Envelope[2], 0},
    {pitchLfo, 0, LFO1Envelope[3], 0},
    {pitchLfo, 0, LFO1Envelope[4], 0},
    {pitchLfo, 0, LFO1Envelope[5], 0},
    {pitchLfo, 0, LFO1Envelope[6], 0},
    {pitchLfo, 0, LFO1Envelope[7], 0},
    {pitchLfo, 0, oscGlobalModMixer1, 2},
    {pitchLfo, 0, oscGlobalModMixer2, 2},
    {pitchLfo, 0, oscGlobalModMixer3, 2},
    {pitchLfo, 0, oscGlobalModMixer4, 2},
    {pitchLfo, 0, oscGlobalModMixer5, 2},
    {pitchLfo, 0, oscGlobalModMixer6, 2},
    {pitchLfo, 0, oscGlobalModMixer7, 2},
    {pitchLfo, 0, oscGlobalModMixer8, 2}
};


AudioConnection LFO1Envelope_connections[8] = {
    {LFO1Envelope[0], 0, oscGlobalModMixer1, 1},
    {LFO1Envelope[1], 0, oscGlobalModMixer2, 1},
    {LFO1Envelope[2], 0, oscGlobalModMixer3, 1},
    {LFO1Envelope[3], 0, oscGlobalModMixer4, 1},
    {LFO1Envelope[4], 0, oscGlobalModMixer5, 1},
    {LFO1Envelope[5], 0, oscGlobalModMixer6, 1},
    {LFO1Envelope[6], 0, oscGlobalModMixer7, 1},
    {LFO1Envelope[7], 0, oscGlobalModMixer8, 1}
};


AudioConnection LFO2Envelope_connections[8] = {
    {LFO2Envelope[0], 0, LFO2mix1, 0},
    {LFO2Envelope[1], 0, LFO2mix2, 0},
    {LFO2Envelope[2], 0, LFO2mix3, 0},
    {LFO2Envelope[3], 0, LFO2mix4, 0},
    {LFO2Envelope[4], 0, LFO2mix5, 0},
    {LFO2Envelope[5], 0, LFO2mix6, 0},
    {LFO2Envelope[6], 0, LFO2mix7, 0},
    {LFO2Envelope[7], 0, LFO2mix8, 0}    
};


AudioConnection          patchCord460(pink, 0, noiseMixer, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord461(white, 0, noiseMixer, 1);    // ok


AudioConnection filterEnvelope_connections[40] = {
    {filterEnvelope[0], 0, oscModMixer1a, 1},
    {filterEnvelope[1], 0, oscModMixer2a, 1},
    {filterEnvelope[2], 0, oscModMixer3a, 1},
    {filterEnvelope[3], 0, oscModMixer4a, 1},
    {filterEnvelope[4], 0, oscModMixer5a, 1},
    {filterEnvelope[5], 0, oscModMixer6a, 1},
    {filterEnvelope[6], 0, oscModMixer7a, 1},
    {filterEnvelope[7], 0, oscModMixer8a, 1},
    {filterEnvelope[0], 0, oscModMixer1b, 1},
    {filterEnvelope[1], 0, oscModMixer2b, 1},
    {filterEnvelope[2], 0, oscModMixer3b, 1},
    {filterEnvelope[3], 0, oscModMixer4b, 1},
    {filterEnvelope[4], 0, oscModMixer5b, 1},
    {filterEnvelope[5], 0, oscModMixer6b, 1},
    {filterEnvelope[6], 0, oscModMixer7b, 1},
    {filterEnvelope[7], 0, oscModMixer8b, 1},
    {filterEnvelope[0], 0, pwMixer1a, 2},
    {filterEnvelope[1], 0, pwMixer2a, 2},
    {filterEnvelope[2], 0, pwMixer3a, 2},
    {filterEnvelope[3], 0, pwMixer4a, 2},
    {filterEnvelope[4], 0, pwMixer5a, 2},
    {filterEnvelope[5], 0, pwMixer6a, 2},
    {filterEnvelope[6], 0, pwMixer7a, 2},
    {filterEnvelope[7], 0, pwMixer8a, 2},
    {filterEnvelope[0], 0, pwMixer1b, 2},
    {filterEnvelope[1], 0, pwMixer2b, 2},
    {filterEnvelope[2], 0, pwMixer3b, 2},
    {filterEnvelope[3], 0, pwMixer4b, 2},
    {filterEnvelope[4], 0, pwMixer5b, 2},
    {filterEnvelope[5], 0, pwMixer6b, 2},
    {filterEnvelope[6], 0, pwMixer7b, 2},
    {filterEnvelope[7], 0, pwMixer8b, 2},
    {filterEnvelope[0], 0, filterModMixer_a[0], 0},
    {filterEnvelope[1], 0, filterModMixer_a[1], 0},
    {filterEnvelope[2], 0, filterModMixer_a[2], 0},
    {filterEnvelope[3], 0, filterModMixer_a[3], 0},
    {filterEnvelope[4], 0, filterModMixer_a[4], 0},
    {filterEnvelope[5], 0, filterModMixer_a[5], 0},
    {filterEnvelope[6], 0, filterModMixer_a[6], 0},
    {filterEnvelope[7], 0, filterModMixer_a[7], 0}    
};


// AudioEffectDigitalCombine --------------------------------------------
AudioConnection          patchCord651(oscEffect[0], 0, oscFxMix1, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord652(oscEffect[1], 0, oscFxMix2, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord653(oscEffect[2], 0, oscFxMix3, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord654(oscEffect[3], 0, oscFxMix4, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord655(oscEffect[4], 0, oscFxMix5, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord656(oscEffect[5], 0, oscFxMix6, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord657(oscEffect[6], 0, oscFxMix7, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord658(oscEffect[7], 0, oscFxMix8, 0);    // ok


AudioConnection          patchCord659(multiplyRing[0], 0, oscFxMix1, 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord660(multiplyRing[1], 0, oscFxMix2, 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord661(multiplyRing[2], 0, oscFxMix3, 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord662(multiplyRing[3], 0, oscFxMix4, 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord663(multiplyRing[4], 0, oscFxMix5, 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord664(multiplyRing[5], 0, oscFxMix6, 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord665(multiplyRing[6], 0, oscFxMix7, 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord666(multiplyRing[7], 0, oscFxMix8, 1);    // ok


AudioConnection          patchCord667(oscFxMix1, 0, waveformMixer1, 3);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord668(oscFxMix2, 0, waveformMixer2, 3);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord669(oscFxMix3, 0, waveformMixer3, 3);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord670(oscFxMix4, 0, waveformMixer4, 3);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord671(oscFxMix5, 0, waveformMixer5, 3);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord672(oscFxMix6, 0, waveformMixer6, 3);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord673(oscFxMix7, 0, waveformMixer7, 3);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord674(oscFxMix8, 0, waveformMixer8, 3);    // ok


AudioConnection StateVariableFilter_connections[40] = {
    {filter1, 0, filterMixer1, 0},
    {filter2, 0, filterMixer2, 0},
    {filter3, 0, filterMixer3, 0},
    {filter4, 0, filterMixer4, 0},
    {filter5, 0, filterMixer5, 0},
    {filter6, 0, filterMixer6, 0},
    {filter7, 0, filterMixer7, 0},
    {filter8, 0, filterMixer8, 0},
    {filter1, 1, filterMixer1, 1},
    {filter2, 1, filterMixer2, 1},
    {filter3, 1, filterMixer3, 1},
    {filter4, 1, filterMixer4, 1},
    {filter5, 1, filterMixer5, 1},
    {filter6, 1, filterMixer6, 1},
    {filter7, 1, filterMixer7, 1},
    {filter8, 1, filterMixer8, 1},
    {filter1, 2, filterMixer1, 2},
    {filter2, 2, filterMixer2, 2},
    {filter3, 2, filterMixer3, 2},
    {filter4, 2, filterMixer4, 2},
    {filter5, 2, filterMixer5, 2},
    {filter6, 2, filterMixer6, 2},
    {filter7, 2, filterMixer7, 2},
    {filter8, 2, filterMixer8, 2},
    {filterModMixer1b, 0, filter1, 1},
    {filterModMixer2b, 0, filter2, 1},
    {filterModMixer3b, 0, filter3, 1},
    {filterModMixer4b, 0, filter4, 1},
    {filterModMixer5b, 0, filter5, 1},
    {filterModMixer6b, 0, filter6, 1},
    {filterModMixer7b, 0, filter7, 1},
    {filterModMixer8b, 0, filter8, 1},
    {waveformMixer1, 0, filter1, 0},
    {waveformMixer2, 0, filter2, 0},
    {waveformMixer3, 0, filter3, 0},
    {waveformMixer4, 0, filter4, 0},
    {waveformMixer5, 0, filter5, 0},
    {waveformMixer6, 0, filter6, 0},
    {waveformMixer7, 0, filter7, 0},
    {waveformMixer8, 0, filter8, 0}
};


AudioConnection ladderFilter_connections[24] = {
    {filter2_1, 0, filterMixer1, 3},
    {filter2_2, 0, filterMixer2, 3},
    {filter2_3, 0, filterMixer3, 3},
    {filter2_4, 0, filterMixer4, 3},
    {filter2_5, 0, filterMixer5, 3},
    {filter2_6, 0, filterMixer6, 3},
    {filter2_7, 0, filterMixer7, 3},
    {filter2_8, 0, filterMixer8, 3},
    {filterModMixer1b, 0, filter2_1, 1},
    {filterModMixer2b, 0, filter2_2, 1},
    {filterModMixer3b, 0, filter2_3, 1},
    {filterModMixer4b, 0, filter2_4, 1},
    {filterModMixer5b, 0, filter2_5, 1},
    {filterModMixer6b, 0, filter2_6, 1},
    {filterModMixer7b, 0, filter2_7, 1},
    {filterModMixer8b, 0, filter2_8, 1},
    {waveformMixer1, 0, filter2_1, 0},
    {waveformMixer2, 0, filter2_2, 0},
    {waveformMixer3, 0, filter2_3, 0},
    {waveformMixer4, 0, filter2_4, 0},
    {waveformMixer5, 0, filter2_5, 0},
    {waveformMixer6, 0, filter2_6, 0},
    {waveformMixer7, 0, filter2_7, 0},
    {waveformMixer8, 0, filter2_8, 0}    
};


AudioConnection          patchCord8311(filterModMixer1b, 0, filter2_1, 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord8321(filterModMixer2b, 0, filter2_2, 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord8331(filterModMixer3b, 0, filter2_3, 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord8341(filterModMixer4b, 0, filter2_4, 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord8351(filterModMixer5b, 0, filter2_5, 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord8361(filterModMixer6b, 0, filter2_6, 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord8371(filterModMixer7b, 0, filter2_7, 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord8381(filterModMixer8b, 0, filter2_8, 1);    // ok




// Mixer ----------------------------------------------------------------
AudioConnection          patchCord751(noiseMixer, 0, waveformMixer1, 2);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord752(noiseMixer, 0, waveformMixer2, 2);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord753(noiseMixer, 0, waveformMixer3, 2);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord754(noiseMixer, 0, waveformMixer4, 2);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord755(noiseMixer, 0, waveformMixer5, 2);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord756(noiseMixer, 0, waveformMixer6, 2);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord757(noiseMixer, 0, waveformMixer7, 2);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord758(noiseMixer, 0, waveformMixer8, 2);    // ok


AudioConnection          patchCord771(pwMixer1a, 0, waveformModa[0], 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord772(pwMixer1b, 0, waveformModb[0], 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord773(pwMixer2a, 0, waveformModa[1], 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord774(pwMixer2b, 0, waveformModb[1], 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord775(pwMixer3a, 0, waveformModa[2], 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord776(pwMixer3b, 0, waveformModb[2], 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord777(pwMixer4a, 0, waveformModa[3], 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord778(pwMixer4b, 0, waveformModb[3], 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord779(pwMixer5a, 0, waveformModa[4], 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord780(pwMixer5b, 0, waveformModb[4], 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord781(pwMixer6a, 0, waveformModa[5], 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord782(pwMixer6b, 0, waveformModb[5], 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord783(pwMixer7a, 0, waveformModa[6], 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord784(pwMixer7b, 0, waveformModb[6], 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord785(pwMixer8a, 0, waveformModa[7], 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord786(pwMixer8b, 0, waveformModb[7], 1);    // ok


AudioConnection          patchCord801(oscGlobalModMixer1, 0, oscModMixer1a, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord802(oscGlobalModMixer1, 0, oscModMixer1b, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord803(oscGlobalModMixer2, 0, oscModMixer2a, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord804(oscGlobalModMixer2, 0, oscModMixer2b, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord805(oscGlobalModMixer3, 0, oscModMixer3a, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord806(oscGlobalModMixer3, 0, oscModMixer3b, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord807(oscGlobalModMixer4, 0, oscModMixer4a, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord808(oscGlobalModMixer4, 0, oscModMixer4b, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord809(oscGlobalModMixer5, 0, oscModMixer5a, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord810(oscGlobalModMixer5, 0, oscModMixer5b, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord811(oscGlobalModMixer6, 0, oscModMixer6a, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord812(oscGlobalModMixer6, 0, oscModMixer6b, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord813(oscGlobalModMixer7, 0, oscModMixer7a, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord814(oscGlobalModMixer7, 0, oscModMixer7b, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord815(oscGlobalModMixer8, 0, oscModMixer8a, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord816(oscGlobalModMixer8, 0, oscModMixer8b, 0);    // ok


// waveshaper
AudioConnection          patchCord841(filterMixer1, WaveshaperAmp[0]);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord842(filterMixer2, WaveshaperAmp[1]);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord843(filterMixer3, WaveshaperAmp[2]);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord844(filterMixer4, WaveshaperAmp[3]);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord845(filterMixer5, WaveshaperAmp[4]);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord846(filterMixer6, WaveshaperAmp[5]);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord847(filterMixer7, WaveshaperAmp[6]);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord848(filterMixer8, WaveshaperAmp[7]);    // ok


AudioConnection          patchCord849(WaveshaperAmp[0], waveshaper[0]);        // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord850(WaveshaperAmp[1], waveshaper[1]);        // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord851(WaveshaperAmp[2], waveshaper[2]);        // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord852(WaveshaperAmp[3], waveshaper[3]);        // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord853(WaveshaperAmp[4], waveshaper[4]);        // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord854(WaveshaperAmp[5], waveshaper[5]);        // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord855(WaveshaperAmp[6], waveshaper[6]);        // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord856(WaveshaperAmp[7], waveshaper[7]);        // ok


AudioConnection waveshaper_connections[8] = {
    {waveshaper[0], ampEnvelope[0]},
    {waveshaper[1], ampEnvelope[1]},
    {waveshaper[2], ampEnvelope[2]},
    {waveshaper[3], ampEnvelope[3]},
    {waveshaper[4], ampEnvelope[4]},
    {waveshaper[5], ampEnvelope[5]},
    {waveshaper[6], ampEnvelope[6]},
    {waveshaper[7], ampEnvelope[7]}
};


AudioConnection          patchCord857(waveshaper[0], ampEnvelope[0]);        // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord858(waveshaper[1], ampEnvelope[1]);        // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord859(waveshaper[2], ampEnvelope[2]);        // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord860(waveshaper[3], ampEnvelope[3]);        // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord861(waveshaper[4], ampEnvelope[4]);        // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord862(waveshaper[5], ampEnvelope[5]);        // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord863(waveshaper[6], ampEnvelope[6]);        // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord864(waveshaper[7], ampEnvelope[7]);        // ok


AudioConnection          patchCord871(oscModMixer1a, 0, waveformModa[0], 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord872(oscModMixer1b, 0, waveformModb[0], 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord873(oscModMixer2a, 0, waveformModa[1], 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord874(oscModMixer2b, 0, waveformModb[1], 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord875(oscModMixer3a, 0, waveformModa[2], 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord876(oscModMixer3b, 0, waveformModb[2], 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord877(oscModMixer4a, 0, waveformModa[3], 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord878(oscModMixer4b, 0, waveformModb[3], 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord879(oscModMixer5a, 0, waveformModa[4], 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord880(oscModMixer5b, 0, waveformModb[4], 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord881(oscModMixer6a, 0, waveformModa[5], 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord882(oscModMixer6b, 0, waveformModb[5], 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord883(oscModMixer7a, 0, waveformModa[6], 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord884(oscModMixer7b, 0, waveformModb[6], 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord885(oscModMixer8a, 0, waveformModa[7], 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord886(oscModMixer8b, 0, waveformModb[7], 0);    // ok


AudioConnection          patchCord1200(AtouchDc, 0, AtouchFilter, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord1201(AtouchFilter, 0, AtouchModAmp1, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord1202(AtouchModAmp1, 0, filterModMixAtCC1, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord1203(AtouchModAmp1, 0, filterModMixAtCC2, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord1204(AtouchModAmp1, 0, filterModMixAtCC3, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord1205(AtouchModAmp1, 0, filterModMixAtCC4, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord1206(AtouchModAmp1, 0, filterModMixAtCC5, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord1207(AtouchModAmp1, 0, filterModMixAtCC6, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord1208(AtouchModAmp1, 0, filterModMixAtCC7, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord1209(AtouchModAmp1, 0, filterModMixAtCC8, 0);    // ok


AudioConnection          patchCord1250(DC_FilterModCC, 0, FilterModCC, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord1251(FilterModCC, 0, filterModMixAtCC1, 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord1252(FilterModCC, 0, filterModMixAtCC2, 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord1253(FilterModCC, 0, filterModMixAtCC3, 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord1254(FilterModCC, 0, filterModMixAtCC4, 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord1255(FilterModCC, 0, filterModMixAtCC5, 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord1256(FilterModCC, 0, filterModMixAtCC6, 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord1257(FilterModCC, 0, filterModMixAtCC7, 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord1258(FilterModCC, 0, filterModMixAtCC8, 1);    // ok


AudioConnection          patchCord1260(DC_FilterModwheel, 0, filterModMixAtCC1, 2);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord1261(DC_FilterModwheel, 0, filterModMixAtCC2, 2);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord1262(DC_FilterModwheel, 0, filterModMixAtCC3, 2);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord1263(DC_FilterModwheel, 0, filterModMixAtCC4, 2);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord1264(DC_FilterModwheel, 0, filterModMixAtCC5, 2);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord1265(DC_FilterModwheel, 0, filterModMixAtCC6, 2);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord1266(DC_FilterModwheel, 0, filterModMixAtCC7, 2);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord1267(DC_FilterModwheel, 0, filterModMixAtCC8, 2);    // ok


AudioConnection          patchCord1271(filterModMixAtCC1, 0, filterModMixer1b, 3);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord1272(filterModMixAtCC2, 0, filterModMixer2b, 3);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord1273(filterModMixAtCC3, 0, filterModMixer3b, 3);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord1274(filterModMixAtCC4, 0, filterModMixer4b, 3);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord1275(filterModMixAtCC5, 0, filterModMixer5b, 3);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord1276(filterModMixAtCC6, 0, filterModMixer6b, 3);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord1277(filterModMixAtCC7, 0, filterModMixer7b, 3);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord1278(filterModMixAtCC8, 0, filterModMixer8b, 3);    // ok


AudioConnection          patchCord1300(AtouchFilter, 0, AtouchModAmp2, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord1301(AtouchModAmp2, 0, oscGlobalModMixer1, 3);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord1302(AtouchModAmp2, 0, oscGlobalModMixer2, 3);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord1303(AtouchModAmp2, 0, oscGlobalModMixer3, 3);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord1304(AtouchModAmp2, 0, oscGlobalModMixer4, 3);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord1305(AtouchModAmp2, 0, oscGlobalModMixer5, 3);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord1306(AtouchModAmp2, 0, oscGlobalModMixer6, 3);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord1307(AtouchModAmp2, 0, oscGlobalModMixer7, 3);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord1308(AtouchModAmp2, 0, oscGlobalModMixer8, 3);    // ok


AudioConnection             patchCord953(ModLfo3, 0, LFO3EnvelopeAmp, 0);
AudioConnection             patchCord954(LFO3EnvelopeAmp, 0, LFO3ModMixer1, 0);
AudioConnection             patchCord955(LFO3ModMixer1Dc, 0, LFO3ModMixer1, 1);
AudioConnection             patchCord956(ModLfo3, 0, LFO3ModMixer1, 2);


AudioConnection ampEnvelope_connections[16] = {
        {ampEnvelope[0], 0, voiceMixer1a, 0},
        {ampEnvelope[1], 0, voiceMixer1a, 1},
        {ampEnvelope[2], 0, voiceMixer1a, 2},
        {ampEnvelope[3], 0, voiceMixer1a, 3},
        {ampEnvelope[4], 0, voiceMixer1b, 0},
        {ampEnvelope[5], 0, voiceMixer1b, 1},
        {ampEnvelope[6], 0, voiceMixer1b, 2},
        {ampEnvelope[7], 0, voiceMixer1b, 3},
        {ampEnvelope[0], 0, voiceMixer2a, 0},
        {ampEnvelope[1], 0, voiceMixer2a, 1},
        {ampEnvelope[2], 0, voiceMixer2a, 2},
        {ampEnvelope[3], 0, voiceMixer2a, 3},
        {ampEnvelope[4], 0, voiceMixer2b, 0},
        {ampEnvelope[5], 0, voiceMixer2b, 1},
        {ampEnvelope[6], 0, voiceMixer2b, 2},
        {ampEnvelope[7], 0, voiceMixer2b, 3},
            
};


AudioConnection             patchCord957(LFO3ModMixer1, 0, multiply1, 1);
AudioConnection             patchCord958(LFO3ModMixer1, 0, multiply2, 1);
AudioConnection          patchCord1461(voiceMixer1a, 0, voiceMixerM1, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord1462(voiceMixer1b, 0, voiceMixerM1, 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord1463(voiceMixer2a, 0, voiceMixerM2, 0);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord1464(voiceMixer2b, 0, voiceMixerM2, 1);    // ok
AudioConnection          patchCord1465(voiceMixerM1, 0, multiply1, 0);
AudioConnection          patchCord1466(voiceMixerM2, 0, multiply2, 0);
AudioConnection             patchCord1467(multiply1, 0, hpFilter1, 0);
AudioConnection             patchCord1468(multiply2, 0, hpFilter2, 0);
AudioConnection          patchCord1469(hpFilter1, 2, PCM5102A, 0);
AudioConnection          patchCord1470(hpFilter2, 2, PCM5102A, 1);
AudioConnection          patchCord1471(hpFilter1, 2, ScopePeakMixer, 0);
AudioConnection          patchCord1472(hpFilter1, 2, ScopePeakMixer, 1);
AudioConnection          patchCord1473(ScopePeakMixer, 0, scope, 0);
AudioConnection          patchCord1474(ScopePeakMixer, 0, peak, 0);


// Info
// myConnection.disconnect();
// myConnection.connect();

Modulation shematic

h4yn0nnym0u5e · Oct 6, 2023

The important thing from the CrashReport is

Code:

Check code at 0x15F60 - very likely a bug!
Run "addr2line -e mysketch.ino.elf 0x15F60" for filename & line number.

Search the forums, there's a fair amount of info on how to run addr2line to show the exact line where your code is failing - of course, it could easily be in library code you didn't write, so you'll be pretty dependent on figuring out what it's doing!

One thing I spotted on a read-through of AudioSynthWaveformModulatedTS::update() is that you're not checking for null pointers coming back from receiveReadOnly(). There are two reasons for getting null: one is no connection, or the source object isn't transmitting data, in which case you MUST interpret that as a block of silence. The other is there are no audio blocks left, which I suspect is the case: down around lines 308-313 you have the "no modulation input case", and you don't release moddata, par_A and par_B, so they'll remain in use and you'll exhaust the audio blocks very rapidly. Then you'll get null block addresses from receiveReadOnly() ... which you don't check ... and you access the (non-existent) block pointed to ... which likely causes "(MMARVALID) Accessed Address: 0x2 (nullptr)".

I'm a big fan of avoiding multiple return points and multiple places where you allocate and release memory, for this exact reason - you can end up with one path through a long function which doesn't do the necessary balancing release(). You should do your releases around what's currently line 315, and don't release a pointer if it's null (that should be a no-operation, but the stock audio library doesn't check...).

Rolfdegen · Oct 6, 2023

Thank you for the good tips. I want to check it. Is my code for additional inputs in the oscillator correct in principle

I looked for examples in the audio lib but didn't find anything!

kd5rxt-mark · Oct 6, 2023

Rolfdegen said:
Thank you for the good tips. I want to check it. Is my code for additional inputs in the oscillator correct in principle I looked for examples in the audio lib but didn't find anything!

@Rolfdegen: I can't be of much help on whether your multiple modulation input approach is correct in principle or not. However, if what you want is to be able to apply multiple modulation sources to a waveform generator, why not feed those inputs into a mixer & use the mixer output to drive the one existing modulation input on the standard AudioSynthWaveformModulated object ?? That even gives you the ability to adjust the individual modulation input levels if/as needed. Sorry in advance if I misunderstood your intent !!

Mark J Culross
KD5RXT

h4yn0nnym0u5e · Oct 6, 2023

Rolfdegen said:
Thank you for the good tips. I want to check it. Is my code for additional inputs in the oscillator correct in principle I looked for examples in the audio lib but didn't find anything!

You seem to have added the extra receive pointers in inputQueueArray[], told the AudioStream base class about them, and to be at least intending to receive and release them correctly, so there's nothing there which is obviously "incorrect" or counter to the normal things expected by the Audio library.

As noted by kd5rxt-mark, it's then pretty much up to you what use you make of the data, and whether it gives you more than you could achieve by mixing into the existing modulation inputs. I had another quick glance at the code, and it looks as if you're only using one of the samples from the incoming blocks, but if that works for your purposes that's fine! Your ears, and possibly an oscilloscope, will tell you if you're achieving your goals.

The Audio library is definitely a good place to look for inspiration, though the code quality is a bit variable - I've found and fixed quite a few bugs, and I'm sure there are more to be uncovered. A lot of it is coming up for 10 years old, and there are outstanding pull requests going back 9 years, so there will be elements that don't really relate to an overclocked Teensy 4.x in 2023. Also, a lot of the code has been tuned for maximum speed, which can make it very hard to read.

Rolfdegen · Oct 6, 2023

problem solved!

It was querying null values for the new parameters par_A and par_B. I had a mixer input connected to an envelope and the mixer output connected to the new modulation input. Since the envelope did not provide any data when starting the system, the system crashed.

Code:

void AudioSynthWaveformModulatedTS::update(void)
{
	audio_block_t *block, *moddata, *shapedata, *par_A, *par_B;
	//audio_block_t *block, *moddata, *shapedata;
	int16_t *bp, *end, *par_A_mod, *par_B_mod;
	int32_t val1, val2;
	int16_t magnitude15;
	uint32_t i, ph, index, index2, scale, priorphase;
	const uint32_t inc = phase_increment;
	uint32_t phase_spread;
	uint32_t saw_phase_increment;
	uint32_t increments[4];
	uint32_t ph_1;
	uint32_t ph_2;
	uint32_t ph_3;
	uint32_t ph_4;
	uint32_t ph_5;
	
	moddata = receiveReadOnly(0);
	shapedata = receiveReadOnly(1);
	par_A = receiveReadOnly(2);			// new modulation input for osc parameter_a
	par_B = receiveReadOnly(3);			// new modulation input for osc parameter_b


	if(syncFlag==1){
		phase_accumulator = 0;
		syncFlag = 0;
	}


	// Pre-compute the phase angle for every output sample of this update
	ph = phase_accumulator;
	priorphase = phasedata[AUDIO_BLOCK_SAMPLES-1];
	if (moddata && modulation_type == 0) {
		
		// Frequency Modulation
		bp = moddata->data;
		
		for (i=0; i < AUDIO_BLOCK_SAMPLES; i++) {
			int32_t n = (*bp++) * modulation_factor; // n is # of octaves to mod
			int32_t ipart = n >> 27; // 4 integer bits
			n &= 0x7FFFFFF;          // 27 fractional bits
			#ifdef IMPROVE_EXPONENTIAL_ACCURACY
			// exp2 polynomial suggested by Stefan Stenzel on "music-dsp"
			// mail list, Wed, 3 Sep 2014 10:08:55 +0200
			int32_t x = n << 3;
			n = multiply_accumulate_32x32_rshift32_rounded(536870912, x, 1494202713);
			int32_t sq = multiply_32x32_rshift32_rounded(x, x);
			n = multiply_accumulate_32x32_rshift32_rounded(n, sq, 1934101615);
			n = n + (multiply_32x32_rshift32_rounded(sq,
			multiply_32x32_rshift32_rounded(x, 1358044250)) << 1);
			n = n << 1;
			#else
			// exp2 algorithm by Laurent de Soras
			// https://www.musicdsp.org/en/latest/Other/106-fast-exp2-approximation.html
			n = (n + 134217728) << 3;
			n = multiply_32x32_rshift32_rounded(n, n);
			n = multiply_32x32_rshift32_rounded(n, 715827883) << 3;
			n = n + 715827882;
			#endif
			uint32_t scale = n >> (14 - ipart);
			uint64_t phstep = (uint64_t)inc * scale;
			uint32_t phstep_msw = phstep >> 32;
			if (phstep_msw < 0x7FFE) {
				ph += phstep >> 16;
				} else {
				ph += 0x7FFE0000;
			}
			phasedata[i] = ph;
		}
		release(moddata);
		
		} else if (moddata) {
		// Phase Modulation
		bp = moddata->data;
		for (i=0; i < AUDIO_BLOCK_SAMPLES; i++) {
			// more than +/- 180 deg shift by 32 bit overflow of "n"
			uint32_t n = (uint16_t)(*bp++) * modulation_factor;
			phasedata[i] = ph + n;
			ph += inc;
		}
		release(moddata);
		} else {
		// No Modulation Input
		for (i=0; i < AUDIO_BLOCK_SAMPLES; i++) {
			phasedata[i] = ph;
			ph += inc;
		}
	}


	phase_accumulator = ph;


	// Read two new Modulation inputs from AudioConnection into AudioPatching.h
	// Braid's oscillator has two modulation parameters par_A_mod_ and par_B_mod_
	// Shruthi oscillator has only one par_A_mod_
	if (par_A)
	{
		par_A_mod = par_A->data;
		par_a_mod_ = *par_A_mod; // save modulation data
		release(par_A);
	}
	if (par_B)
	{
		par_B_mod = par_B->data;
		par_b_mod_ = *par_B_mod; // save modulation data
		release(par_B);
	}


	//Amplitude is always 1 on when oscillator is sounding
	//magnitude must be set to zero, otherwise digital noise comes through
	if(tone_type == WAVEFORM_SILENT){
		magnitude  = 0;
		}else{
		magnitude = 65536.0;
	}
	// If the amplitude is zero, no output, but phase still increments properly
	if (magnitude == 0) {
		if (shapedata) release(shapedata);
		return;
	}
	block = allocate();
	if (!block) {
		if (shapedata) release(shapedata);
		return;
	}
	bp = block->data;


	// Now generate the output samples using the pre-computed phase angles
	
	switch (tone_type)
	{

Rolfdegen · Oct 6, 2023

h4yn0nnym0u5e said:
...
One thing I spotted on a read-through of AudioSynthWaveformModulatedTS::update() is that you're not checking for null pointers coming back from receiveReadOnly(). There are two reasons for getting null: one is no connection, or the source object isn't transmitting data, in which case you MUST interpret that as a block of silence. The other is there are no audio blocks left, which I suspect is the case: down around lines 308-313 you have the "no modulation input case", and you don't release moddata, par_A and par_B, so they'll remain in use and you'll exhaust the audio blocks very rapidly. Then you'll get null block addresses from receiveReadOnly() ... which you don't check ... and you access the (non-existent) block pointed to ... which likely causes "(MMARVALID) Accessed Address: 0x2 (nullptr)".

Thank you for your great help

Rolfdegen · Oct 6, 2023

kd5rxt-mark said:
@Rolfdegen: I can't be of much help on whether your multiple modulation input approach is correct in principle or not. However, if what you want is to be able to apply multiple modulation sources to a waveform generator, why not feed those inputs into a mixer & use the mixer output to drive the one existing modulation input on the standard AudioSynthWaveformModulated object ?? That even gives you the ability to adjust the individual modulation input levels if/as needed. Sorry in advance if I misunderstood your intent !!

Mark J Culross
KD5RXT

In my Teensy Project I use special oscillators, for example a Vowel oscillator from Mutable instruments. These have two more parameters for formant setting and formant_shift. I want to modulate the parameters with LFOs and envelopes

Look my Video. Its a poliphonic Teensy 4.1 DIY Synthesizer.

More information in my Synth DIY blog: https://www.sequencer.de/synthesizer/threads/jeannie-polyphonic-diy-synthesizer.160564/

Greetings from germany. Rolf

Rolfdegen · Oct 9, 2023

Oscillator Menu

My DIY Synthesizer blog in english: https://forum.pjrc.com/threads/63255-New-Teensy-Synth-quot-Shruthi-2-quot?highlight=Teensy+Shruthi
My DIY Synthesizer blog in german: https://www.sequencer.de/synthesizer/threads/jeannie-polyphonic-diy-synthesizer.160564/
Vowel music from my DIY Synthesizer: https://youtu.be/rIK02G-8oj4

Crash with new modulation parameter into AudioSynthWaveformModulated

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h4yn0nnym0u5e

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